Synthesis of aprotic ionic liquids

Physical properties and nanostructuring of long-chained homobaric imidazolium ionic liquids

“…The ionic liquids studied in this work were prepared based on the procedures described in detail in previous works. 16,17 Detailed descriptions of the synthetic procedures can be found in the ESI. † All ionic liquids were dried for several days in vacuo before their use and the water content, as tested by coulometric Karl Fischer titration, was always below 100 ppm.…”

Imidazolium based ionic liquid-phase green catalytic reactions

“…(iii) IL purity: Imidazolium ILs often are contaminated with halides, water and/or N-alkyl imidazole, most of them carried from the synthetic procedure used. 282,283 These impurities lower the thermal and chemical stability of the ILs, 284 change viscosity and density. 285 Besides, the activity and the selectivity of catalytic reactions is affected by these impurities.…”

The dialkylcarbonate route to ionic liquids: purer, safer, greener?

“…All should be considered to assess the environmental impact of ionic liquids. 6 The most common synthesis paths of ionic liquids from commercially available reagents involves two steps (Fig. 1).…”

“…These starting compounds are generally commercially available with a high purity except for phosphines that might contain significant amounts of phosphine oxides, which must be removed by appropriate purification processes. 6 Heterocycles often present a long-term toxicity to humans but have the advantage of not being flammable. Non-cyclic tertiary amines and tertiary phosphines on the other hand, are respectively slightly toxic and flammable, and corrosive and flammable.…”