Synthesis of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Powders for Production of Bioceramics and Composites by 3D Printing

Powder Synthesized from Aqueous Solution of Calcium Nitrate and Mixed-Anionic Solution of Orthophosphate and Silicate Anions for Bioceramics Production

“…The formation of tobermorite-like gel is also possible [50]. Amorphous calcium phosphate can be stabilized by the presence of silicate ions, as well as calcium silicate hydrate with a Ca/Si ratio from 0.8 to 1.5 [16].…”

“…Other phases in the CaPSi powder were calcium silicate hydrate and amorphous calcium phosphate. Taking into account the presence of an amorphous halo near 30 • on the XRD pattern of the CaPSi sample, this sample also possibly contained amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which could be effectively stabilized in the amorphous state by the presence of a silicate anion [16].…”

“…The morphology of the obtained powders after the synthesis and after the disaggregation process is presented in Figure 2. (ACP), which could be effectively stabilized in the amorphous state by the presence of a silicate anion [16].…”

“…One of the crucial processes of native bone forming is angiogenesis [7], which is vital for bone healing [8]. The most commonly used biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering are polymers [9][10][11], composites [12], as well as glass and ceramics, obtained in systems containing calcium phosphates and silicates [13][14][15][16]. Such materials are also required to provide a sufficient mechanical support and appropriate environment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation [17,18].…”

Three-Dimensional-Printed Molds from Water-Soluble Sulfate Ceramics for Biocomposite Formation through Low-Pressure Injection Molding

“…The application of regenerative medicine approaches for the restoration of damaged bone tissue [1][2][3][4][5] requires appropriate materials for creating scaffolds, among which ceramic [6][7][8][9][10][11] and composite materials [12][13][14][15] are widely used. The requirements for materials to manufacture scaffolds (implants) for bone regeneration include (i) biocompatibility [16][17][18], (ii) bioresorbability (the material must completely or partially degrade/dissolve, freeing up space for bone tissue de novo) [19,20], (iii) mechanical compatibility with bone [21,22], (iv) good wettability, (v) osteoinductivity (facilitating the growth of bone tissue not only at the interface of the native bone/implant contact, but also in the entire volume of the porous scaffold) [23], and (vi) osteoconductivity (growing of the bone into the porous scaffold with the ingrowth of a network of blood vessels, as well as maintaining the flow of extracellular fluid through the implant) provided by the porous architecture of the implant/scaffold [2,[24][25][26][27][28][29].…”