Synthesis of All Known Analytical Permittivity Reconstruction Techniques of Nonmagnetic Materials From Reflection and Transmission Measurements

Gorriti, A.G.; Slob, Evert

doi:10.1109/lgrs.2005.853199

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, as we proved in [13], these solutions are equal to either the impedance or the propagation methods.…”

Section: A Explicit Methods: Propagation Matricesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, any solution including will suffer from instability, making the method less accurate, and any solution including should be revised in the case of low-loss materials. So, we can accurately determine the permittivity of a sample from the following equation: (13) Note that depending on the pair of measurements chosen, or (see the Appendix), we can compute two different permittivities for the same sample. For homogenous samples these permittivities are equal within measurement error and for simplicity we only show results for the pair.…”

Section: A Explicit Methods: Propagation Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of them are divergent for low-loss materials at frequencies corresponding to integer multiples of one-half wavelength in the sample. However, in [13] we demonstrated that all the different equations are equivalent to one of the two fundamental solutions, and that the best result is given by the propagation method [(10), Section III-A]. …”

Section: ) Phase Delay Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the different reconstruction techniques of permittivity from S-parameters

Gorriti

Slob

2005

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-In this paper, we compare analytical and optimizing reconstruction methods for the electrical permittivity of materials. The reconstruction is done from the measured S-parameters of a coaxial transmission line. We compare the different reconstructions on materials of known electromagnetic properties, air, and ethanol. And, we conclude that two methods, one analytical (propagation matrices) and an optimization ( 1 norm), are the most appropriate for the reconstruction of permittivities, whether these are low-loss and constant over the frequency range or highly lossy and frequency dependent.

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“…However, as we proved in [13], these solutions are equal to either the impedance or the propagation methods.…”

Section: A Explicit Methods: Propagation Matricesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: A Explicit Methods: Propagation Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Phase Delay Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of the different reconstruction techniques of permittivity from S-parameters

Gorriti

Slob

2005

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…10 would be typical when changing (repositioning) waveguide samples of different length during a set of sequential measurements. In a similar manner, the sensitivity of the error in the coupling coefficient due to lateral positioning error of the test piece is given from (29) and this leads to an error in σ Si (Fig. 11) and an error σ ξ lat in the propagation constant.…”

Section: (A)] Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Port De-Embedding Technique for the Quasi-Optical Characterization of Integrated Components

2013

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We describe a one-port de-embedding technique suitable for the quasi-optical characterization of terahertz integrated components at frequencies beyond the operational range of most vector network analyzers. This technique is also suitable when the manufacturing of precision terminations to sufficiently fine tolerances for the application of a TRL de-embedding technique is not possible. The technique is based on vector reflection measurements of a series of easily realizable test pieces. A theoretical analysis is presented for the precision of the technique when implemented using a quasi-optical null-balanced bridge reflectometer. The analysis takes into account quantization effects in the linear and angular encoders associated with the balancing procedure, as well as source power and detector noise equivalent power. The precision in measuring waveguide characteristic impedance and attenuation using this de-embedding technique is further analyzed after taking into account changes in the power coupled due to axial, rotational, and lateral alignment errors between the device under test and the instruments' test port. The analysis is based on the propagation of errors after assuming imperfect coupling of two fundamental Gaussian beams. The required precision in repositioning the samples at the instruments' test-port is discussed. Quasi-optical measurements using the de-embedding process for a WR-8 adjustable precision short at 125 GHz are presented. The de-embedding methodology may be extended to allow the determination of S-parameters of arbitrary two-port junctions. The measurement technique proposed should prove most useful above 325 GHz where there is a lack of measurement standards.

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“…• the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) algorithm [237,238] • the modified NRW algorithm (BJ) [239,240] • the propagation matrix (PM) method [236,241,242] • the iterative method (BJI) [180,243].…”

Section: Ct Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, hydraulic, and dielectric characterisation of fine-grained soils during densification

Schwing¹

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Soil characterisation is of primary interest for several disciplines, including geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering, soil science, and agriculture. An upcoming and promising method for soil characterisation relies on the high-frequency electromagnetic measurement technique which provides the potential to explore and investigate soils. However, successful application of this technique requires a profound understanding of the multi-physical processes arising from interactions between soil as a porous medium and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This thesis focuses on a coupled experimental investigation of the mechanical, hydraulic, and dielectric characterisation of fine-grained soil during densification.In the framework of this thesis, the following steps have been completed and novel findings have been made:1. Probe designs have been developed, modified and improved to measure the dielectric soil properties in a frequency range from 1 MHz to 3 GHz during shrinkage and compaction. A low-cost in-house-manufactured probe was introduced, which was specifically designed for standardised geotechnical soil shrinkage test. During preliminary investigations, the calibration procedure and performance of these sensors were experimentally and numerically tested. The results showed agreement in the targeted frequency window.2. Compaction and shrinkage tests on fine-grained soils were conducted in combination with dielectric and soil suction measurements. The shrinkage curve and soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) was established and successfully parameterised with physical based models. The complex permittivity was determined in a frequency range from 1 MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties measured during the shrinkage test showed a sudden drop of complex permittivity which could be located in the residual shrinkage zone.3. A theoretical electromagnetic mixture approach was used to model the measured frequency dependent dielectric properties of soils during shrinkage and compaction based on the parameterised shrinkage curve and SWCC. The theoretical results were compared to the dielectric measurements on different fine-grained soils. The comparison ii showed that the real part of permittivity could be well predicted whereas the imaginary part suffered inaccuracies.4. A sensitivity analysis was performed with the theoretical electromagnetic mixture approach in consideration of the shrinkage behaviour and SWCC in order to investigate the influence of soil suction and dry density on the frequency dependent permittivity.The sensitivity analysis showed that the real part of the permittivity near 1 GHz was insensitive to changes in the soil suction and dry density. In the MHz range, the real part of the permittivity was more sensitive to changes in soil suction than it was to dry density. The imaginary part of the permittivity was generally observed to be more sensitive to soil suction over the entire frequency range.

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Synthesis of All Known Analytical Permittivity Reconstruction Techniques of Nonmagnetic Materials From Reflection and Transmission Measurements

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the different reconstruction techniques of permittivity from S-parameters

Comparison of the different reconstruction techniques of permittivity from S-parameters

One-Port De-Embedding Technique for the Quasi-Optical Characterization of Integrated Components

Mechanical, hydraulic, and dielectric characterisation of fine-grained soils during densification

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