Synthesis of alkylphenols for production of nonionic detergents and lube-oil additives

Chloroindate(iii) ionic liquids as catalysts for alkylation of phenols and catechol with alkenes

“…Alkylated phenols and their derivatives are used in the production of resins, 1 durable surface coatings, 2 varnishes, 3 wire enamels, 4 printing inks, 5 surface active agents, 6 antioxidants, 7 flame retardants, 8 UV absorbers, 9 fungicide and insecticide formulations, 10,11 petroleum additives, 12 non-ionic surfactants and fragrances. 13 For example, the triphosphate derivative of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is employed as a stabiliser for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), whereas its benzotriazole derivative is used as a UV absorber in polyalkenes.…”

“…Fig.3The effect of the nature of the cation on the yield of the main product(12) distribution for the catechol (4)-diisobutene (6) reaction using a [cation]Cl-InCl 3 catalyst system (w = 0.667); [C 2 mim] + and [C 4 mim] + = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; [C 2 dmim] + , [C 4 dmim] + and [C 7 dmim] + = 1-ethyl, butyl and heptyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium; [C 6 py] + = 1-hexylpyridinium.…”