Synthesis of Ag3Sn Submicrometer Particles via an Adapted Polyol Process in View of Their Use As Die-Attach Material in Power Modules

The Polyol Process and the Synthesis of ζ Intermetallic Compound Ag5Sn0.9

“…As a reminder, the DTA and EDX analyses show that the obtained phase corresponds to the ζ phase. As seen in Figure 4, and as discussed above as well as in the previous work on Ag3Sn [22], the diffractogram is substantially identical between the Ag3Sn and the ζ phases and cannot discriminate between them. This point will be taken up in the following discussion.…”

“…The refinements of its X-ray patterns were more satisfactory when the hexagonal phase is taken into consideration. The low-temperature variety with orthorhombic symmetry was certainly the majority (89%) but the high-temperature (hexagonal) variety is still present in a non-negligible amount (11%) [22]. The presence of both varieties at room temperature is likely due to the nature of the polyol process.…”

“…In a first article, the synthesis in polyol medium of submicron particles of Ag 3 Sn was described [22]. The polyol process is a soft chemistry synthesis method developed by F. Fiévet et al in 1989 to prepare polymetallic spherical particles at micron (even submicron) sizes, generally with easily reducible metals such as copper, gold, palladium, silver and their alloys [23][24][25][26].…”

In situ investigation of the formation mechanism of α-Bi2Rh nanoparticles in polyol reductions

“…13,[23][24][25][26] Schaak et al performed first systematic studies on the more complex formation of binary and ternary compounds, such as AuCuSn 2 . 27 More recently, Jouini et al and Han et al investigated the formation of Ag 3 Sn and NiSn 5 particles, respectively, 28,29 and Balachandran et al studied extensively the formation and design of copper-cobalt alloys. 30 Indeed, the study of reaction mechanisms is essential for a targeted synthesis and material design.…”

Formation of Bi2Ir nanoparticles in a microwave-assisted polyol process revealing the suboxide Bi4Ir2O

“…Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on the mechanism of mono-metallic nanoparticles [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , but only a few systematic studies allowed to establish a set of principles for the synthesis of intermetallic particles by the (microwave assisted) polyol process. [16][17][18][19][20] Parameters that have a profound impact on the synthesis are, for example, the temperature, the concentrations and the molar ratio, the solvent, the pH value, the accompanying anions, and additional surfactants. [21][22][23] However, the mechanism cannot be generalized, but strongly depends on the combination of metals.…”