Synthesis of Ag–Cu–Pd alloy by DC-magnetron sputtering: micromorphology analysis

Ghobadi, Nader; Rezaee, Sahar

doi:10.1007/s10854-016-4861-2

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…By use of small amounts of Pd addition in Ag, thin Ag coatings have been achieved in the past. 29,27,39,40 Our results show that purposefully adding small amounts of oxygen in the in the plasma during sputtering of APC, up to about Γ = 3%, promotes formation a superficial PdO x phase that prevents particle agglomeration in a controlled way leading to ultrathin, continuous, electrically conducting APC:O films. In contrast, too high Γ values lead to extensive PdO formation evident in Figure 4, with an increased surface roughness (Figure 3) and deteriorating electrical properties (Figure 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Oxidized Ag–Pd–Cu Ultrathin Metal Alloy Film Prepared at Low Temperature with Excellent Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties

Kim

Montero

Yoon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Most transparent conducting materials are based on Sn:In 2 O 3 (ITO). When applied onto flexible substrates, ITO can be prepared in an oxide−metal−oxide (OMO) configuration, typically ITO/Ag/ITO, where the ductility of the embedded metal layer is intended to reduce the mechanical brittleness and improve the electrical conductivity of the OMO multilayer. Hitherto, the lower limit of the thickness of the Ag layer has been limited by the percolation threshold, which limits the Ag layer to be thicker than ∼10 nm to avoid agglomeration and to ensure conductivity and structural stability. Metal layers of thicknesses below 10 nm are, however, desirable for obtaining OMO coatings with better optical properties. It is known that agglomeration of the metal layer can, to some extent, be suppressed when substituting Ag by an Ag−Pd−Cu (APC) alloy. APC-based OMO films exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, but still continuous APC films well below 10 nm thickness cannot be achieved. In this work we demonstrate that controlled oxidation of APC results in smooth, ultrathin APC:O continuous coatings (of thickness ∼5 nm) on ITO-coated PET substrates. Moderate oxidation yields superficial PdO x formation, which suppresses Ag agglomeration, while still maintaining excellent conductivity. On the other hand, extensive oxidation of APC leads to extensive Pd oxide nucleation deteriorating the conductivity of the film. The ITO/APC:O/ITO films exhibit low resistivity, attributed to a high Hall mobility associated with suppressed agglomeration, good stability in high humidity/temperature environments, superior transmittance in the visible and infrared region, and excellent mechanical bending properties, thus providing new opportunities for fabricating superior transparent conducting coatings on polymer substrates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Oxidized Ag–Pd–Cu Ultrathin Metal Alloy Film Prepared at Low Temperature with Excellent Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties

Kim

Montero

Yoon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…However, the suitable selection of the analysis method of the AFM data is crucial to extract the relevant information to characterize the morphology properties of surfaces. For this reason, a variety of approaches based on the use of functional characterizations and fractal analysis have been implemented during the last few years in the study of thin films [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Ni/SS Thin Films by Nitrogen Ion Implantation

et al. 2019

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N + ions were incorporated into nickel-coated 316 stainless steel (SS) at room temperature using different energies (10, 20, and 50 keV) and a fluence of 5 × 10 17 N + cm −2. The microstructure, surface morphology, and corrosion inhibition of the obtained materials were investigated and compared with the properties of the untreated steel using several analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the formation of nickel nitride with the ion implantation process. The surface morphology of the samples was studied by atomic force microscopy and statistical and multifractal analytical methods. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5% NaCl solution was carried out to evaluate the corrosion properties of the samples. These studies revealed that the generalized fractal dimension, Dq, is dependent on the ion implantation energy and the symmetry of the multifractal singularity spectra, f (α), which is related to the uniformity of the sample. In this manner, the lowest value was obtained for the sample prepared with the maximum ion implantation energy. Also, the increment of the implantation energy yields to increase the corrosion resistance. The simultaneous decrease of the corrosion current density (Icorr) and the increase of the corrosion potential observed with the N + ion-implantation indicate that treated samples are more resistant to corrosion than the untreated steel, and the highest corrosion protection was observed for the maximum implantation energy (50 keV). The correlation between corrosion resistance, structural and surface morphology induced by implantation is discussed.

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Interfacial Growth of Large Area Single‐Crystalline Silver Sheets Through Ambient Microdroplets

Sarkar,

Som,

Unni

et al. 2024

Small

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The creation of micrometer‐sized sheets of silver at the air–water interface by direct deposition of electrospray‐generated silver ions (Ag+) on an aqueous dispersion of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), in ambient conditions, is reported. In the process of electrospray deposition (ESD), an electrohydrodynamic flow is created in the aqueous dispersion, and the graphene sheets assemble, forming a thin film at the air–water interface. The deposited Ag+ coalesce to make single‐crystalline Ag sheets on top of this assembled graphene layer. Fast neutralization of Ag+ forming atomic Ag, combined with their enhanced mobility on graphene surfaces, presumably facilitates the growth of larger Ag clusters. Moreover, restrictions imposed by the interface drive the crystal growth in 2D. By controlling the precursor salt concentration, RGO concentration, deposition time, and ion current, the dimensionality of the Ag sheets can be tuned. These Ag sheets are effective substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as demonstrated by the successful detection of methylene blue at nanomolar concentrations.

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Synthesis of Ag–Cu–Pd alloy by DC-magnetron sputtering: micromorphology analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Embedded Oxidized Ag–Pd–Cu Ultrathin Metal Alloy Film Prepared at Low Temperature with Excellent Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties

Embedded Oxidized Ag–Pd–Cu Ultrathin Metal Alloy Film Prepared at Low Temperature with Excellent Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties

Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Ni/SS Thin Films by Nitrogen Ion Implantation

Interfacial Growth of Large Area Single‐Crystalline Silver Sheets Through Ambient Microdroplets

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