Synthesis of advanced MgAl-LDH based geopolymer as a potential catalyst in the conversion of waste sunflower oil into biodiesel: Response surface studies

Sayed, Maha; Abukhadra, Mostafa R.; Ahmed, Sayed A.; Javed, Umer; Betiha, Mohamed A.; Shim, Jae‐Jin; Rabie, Abdelrahman M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118865

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Conducting the tests for time intervals higher than the required conditions might cause hydrolysis for the produced fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) esters again to their starting free fatty acids. 1 , 42…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previously determined yields at the different temperature values validated its positive influence in inducing the activity of the CaO/Clino catalyst and the conversion rate of castor oil for all the inspected time intervals achieving the best effect by conducting the test for 2.5 h. The endothermic nature of such type of reactions leads the high temperature to have a strong role in accelerating the castor oil transesterification rate. 1 Moreover, the reaction system that is of high temperature displayed a reduction in the oil viscosity and the immiscibility between the liquid reactants (ethanol and castor oil), which induce the homogeneity of the reactions and the interaction chances. 19 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This validated that the best experimental load in the studied system is 3.5 wt % and the over content in the CaO/Clino particles can increase the viscosity and the mass transfer resistance which reduce the mixing homogeneity and the interaction chances. 1 , 3 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a portion of the existing free fatty acids was adsorbed by the exposed siloxane groups of clinoptilolite (OH earing groups), which resulted in the formation of physical bonds between the carbonyl groups and the siloxane groups. Then, the carbonyl groups were attacked by the generated alkoxide anions (CH 3 O−) after their protonation, which resulted in the formation of the esters (FAEE) in the system 1 ( Figure 7 ). On the other hand, the acidity of the adsorbed ethanol molecules on the surface of CaO/Clino caused the common production of methoxide moieties on its surface (Step 1) ( Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 , 3 Recently, different forms of biofuels and biodiesel were extracted from green precursors including edible and nonedible plant oils, vegetable oils, algae extracts, and animal fats. 1 , 4 − 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

et al. 2021

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A CaO/clinoptilolite green nanocomposite (CaO/ Clino) was synthesized by a green modification technique using calcium nitrate and green tea extract. The CaO/Clino nanocomposite promises a total basicity of 4.82 mmol OH/g, surface area of 252.4 m 2 /g, and ion exchange capacity of 134.3 mequiv/ 100 g, which qualifies the product as an effective catalyst in the transesterification of castor oil. The transesterification performance of the CaO/Clino catalyst was addressed statistically based on the response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design, considering the essential experimental parameters. Based on the interaction effect between the studied variables, the CaO/ Clino catalyst can achieve an experimental biodiesel yield of 93.8% after 2.5 h at 120 °C with 3.5 wt % catalyst loading and 15:1 ethanol/castor oil molar ratio. The optimization function of the design suggested enhancement in the performance of the CaO/Clino catalyst to achieve a yield of 95.4% if the test time interval increased to 2.65 h and the ethanol content increased to 16:1 as a molar ratio to castor oil. The produced biodiesel over CaO/ClinO has acceptable technical qualifications according to the international requirements (EN 14214 and ASTM D-6751). The synthetic green CaO/Clino nanocomposite has better recyclability as a heterogeneous catalyst and higher activity than some investigated catalysts in literature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

et al. 2021

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Production of Sunflower Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine: A Review

Vaishnavi

Srinivasan

Dhurandher

2023

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Thermal analysis of MgFe-Cl Layered doubled hydroxide (LDH) directly synthetized and produced “via memory effect”

Cardinale

Fortunato

Locardi

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Layered doubled hydroxides (LDHs) are known to be an interesting class of 2D layered materials, with a wide range of possible composition and a flexible structure suitable for topochemical reactions. Thus, LDHs have been applying in different fields, such as catalysis, energy storage and all the applications in which a high exchange capability (of both cations and anions) is required. For remediation purpose, a MgFe-Cl LDH $${[({\mathrm{Mg}}_{0.66}^{2+}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.33}^{3+}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{2}]}^{0.33+}{({\mathrm{Cl}}_{0.33}^{-})}^{0.33-}$$ [ ( Mg 0.66 2 + Fe 0.33 3 + OH 2 ] 0.33 + ( Cl 0.33 - ) 0.33 - (MFC in the following) could be a promising candidate to capture the toxic CrO 4 2− from water, in exchange with the Cl− in an efficient way. The synthesis of this compound might seem simple, consisting of a coprecipitation reaction, and actually, it is strongly affected by the environmental carbon dioxide able to replace the Cl− with the more stable CO 3 2− . To avoid this problem, LDHs could be also prepared with a rehydration of their calcinated oxide (memory effect). In this work were prepared two samples of MFC: one via coprecipitation (MFC-1 in the following) and one via “memory effect” (MFC-mem in the following). Both the compounds were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG) coupled with evolved gas analysis. The results demonstrated that the synthesis of pure MFC is very difficult, and only a minimum contamination of carbon dioxide led to the formation of the carbonate LDH in a massive way. It was also demonstrated that Mg-Fe LDHs in the presence of carbonate could catalyse the formation of the formic acid (HCOOH) at low temperature (< 300 °C).

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Synthesis of advanced MgAl-LDH based geopolymer as a potential catalyst in the conversion of waste sunflower oil into biodiesel: Response surface studies

Cited by 50 publications

References 55 publications

Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

Production of Sunflower Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine: A Review

Thermal analysis of MgFe-Cl Layered doubled hydroxide (LDH) directly synthetized and produced “via memory effect”

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