Synthesis of activated carbon fibers from cotton by microwave induced H3PO4 activation

Duan, Xue; Srinivasakannan, C.; Wang, Xin; Wang, Fei; Liu, Xinyi

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2016.10.036

Cited by 106 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Percentage of carbon in an adsorbent is directly linked to its adsorption property and as obtained in this study for FCC, it has highest carbon content stemming possibly from a reduction in water content, burning-off volatile materials and release of tar from cellulosic material produced by functionalization with H 3 PO 4 . Existence of P in FCC, S and Na in CCNC is a confirmation of their synthetic routes [33,34,37].…”

Section: Morphological and Elemental Characteristics Of CC Fcc And Ccncmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This majorly modifies the biological structure, cleaves the bond, influences pyrolytic decomposition, improves thermal resistance and inhibits tar formation [28][29][30]. Acid functionalization with H 3 PO 4 induces physical, and chemical modification, reforms formation of cross-linked structure, develops micropores, enhances surface adsorptive properties by increasing their percentage carbon contents via reduction of water content and burning-off of volatile solids arising from breakage of cellulosic materials [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

et al. 2020

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This study describes synthesis and characterization of corncob (CC), corncob nanocellulose (CCNC) and functionalized corncob (FCC) as unique adsorbents for methyl orange (MO) removal. Nanocellulose was synthesized via H 2 SO 4 hydrolysis and functionalization was achieved using H 3 PO 4 . All adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Functionalization modified surface chemistry (disappearance of OH and appearance of PO 4 3− ), increased percentage carbon by 41.42% and produced welldeveloped pores. Nanocellulose retained intrinsic chemical properties of corncob though more porous with enhanced surface functionality prompted by more intense functional groups peaks and appearance of SO 4 2− . Maximum adsorption of MO occurred at pH 3.01, 4.11 and 2.09 for CC (54.34%), FCC (77.1%) and CCNC (96.81%) respectively. Adsorption parameters were fitted to four adsorption isotherms with Langmuir being the most appropriate to describe the adsorption process. Adsorption capacity increased from 17.86 mg g −1 in corncob to 60.82 mg g −1 in FCC and 206.67 mg g −1 in CCNC implying CCNC had the highest adsorption quality. The rate of adsorption was most accurately predicted by pseudo first order kinetics. Adsorption mechanism was governed by film diffusion with contribution from intra-particle diffusion. Adsorption process was spontaneous (− ∆G o ) at all temperatures (303-315 K), exothermic (− ∆H o ) and physical on CC (3.73 kJ mol −1 ) and CCNC (3.42 kJ mol −1 ) however it was endothermic (+ ∆H o ) and chemical on FCC (12.86 kJ mol −1 ). This study shows that CCNC is comparatively the best adsorbent with highest adsorption capacity.

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Section: Morphological and Elemental Characteristics Of CC Fcc And Ccncmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

et al. 2020

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“…For this reason, CFAs coated with chitosan and dopamine-polyethylenimine complex were used to remove nanopollutants such as citrate-capped gold and silver nanoparticles from water samples [53]. In some cases, activation agents such as ZnCl 2 [54], H 3 PO 4 [55], KOH or NaOH [56], K 2 CO 3 , AlCl 3 , and Na 2 HPO 4 [57] are used for the obtention of fibers with better strength, yield, and adsorption capacities. ACFs were used for the isolation of dyes (methylene blue, crystal violet, or Alizarin Red S) and nitrobenzene from aqueous samples [58][59][60][61], in addition to the determination of chlorophenols from urine samples [62].…”

Section: Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Returning to Nature for the Design of Sorptive Phases in Solid-Phase Microextraction

et al. 2019

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Green analytical chemistry principles aim to minimize the negative impact of analytical procedures in the environment, which can be considered both at close (to ensure the safety of the analysts) and global (to conserve our natural resources) levels. These principles suggest, among other guidelines, the reduction/minimization of the sample treatment and the use of renewable sources when possible. The first aspect is largely fulfilled by microextraction, which is considered to be among the greenest sample treatment techniques. The second consideration is attainable if natural products are used as raw materials for the preparation of new extraction phases. This strategy is in line with the change in our production system, which is being gradually moved from a linear model (take-make-dispose) to a circular one (including reusing and recycling as key terms). This article reviews the potential of natural products as sorbents in extraction and microextraction techniques from the synergic perspectives of two research groups working on the topic. The article covers the use of unmodified natural materials and the modified ones (although the latter has a less green character) to draw a general picture of the usefulness of the materials.Separations 2020, 7, 2 2 of 22 principle identifies one of the trends of current research in analytical sciences, it is difficult to be applied when complex samples containing the analytes at very low concentrations are processed. In such scenarios, the simplification of the sample treatment and the reduction of the sources applied (reagents, energy) can be a more practical objective, at least currently. Microextraction techniques fulfill the latter criteria [8], and they are considered among the greenest sample treatment techniques [9].Microextraction techniques have evolved in the last decade following some key trends. Among them, the development of new extraction phases can be highlighted, considering the context of this review article. In this evolution, the tenth (use of renewable resources) and eleventh (replace or remove toxic reagents) principles of GAC are especially relevant [7]. In the liquid microextraction context, environmentally friendly solvents [10,11] such as CyreneTM [12] and deep eutectic solvents [13] are clear examples of this progress.The paradigm of our production system, which up to now has been based on a linear "take-make-dispose" model, is progressively changed to a circular model [14] where reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling appear as key terms. The use of surpluses of natural products as raw materials for the preparation of new sorbents is an interesting contribution of analytical chemistry for changing the production model. This review article, which combines the vision of two research groups working in the topic, tries to draw the general picture of the potential of natural products for the synthesis of new sorptive phases in solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction. The article will cover strategies with different green characterist...

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“…In this sense, by controlling the activation process, it is possible to generate a wide variety of activated carbons to satisfy the requirements of diverse applications . With regard to activated agents, many reagents have been tested; the most widely used are ZnCl 2 (Gonzalez-Serrano et al, 1997), H 3 PO 4 (Gonzalez-Serrano et al, 2004;Duan et al, 2017), KOH (Li et al, 2017), and NaOH (Kiliç et al, 2012), being ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 preferred when activating lignocellulosic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

et al. 2019

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The preparation of phosphorus-containing activated carbons and the effect of their surface chemistry and porosity on the performance as adsorbents of paracetamol are herein reported. A parent activated carbon is prepared by chemical activation of olive stones with phosphoric acid at 500 • C and impregnation weight ratio of 3:1. This carbon is thermal treated under inert atmosphere at 900 • C, producing porosity shrinkage, loss of 20% of surface area and less oxidized phosphorus groups. In addition, our knowledge about the redox behavior of P-containing groups has allowed the controlled gasification of the parent activated carbon in diluted air atmosphere, developing wide micropores and mesopores, increasing 40% the specific surface area and producing more oxidized phosphorus groups. Adsorption of a model micropollutant, paracetamol, has been conducted over these activated carbons by using diluted aqueous solutions (<10 mg L −1 ). Batch and small-scale column experiments confirmed that the presence of narrow microporosity and surface chemistry compatible with paracetamol improves the adsorption capacity, at the point of overcoming the potential effect of additional microporosity development. Moreover, the presence of a well-developed micro-and mesoporisity combined with a low surface acidity (that increases the affinity of the activated carbon surface and paracetamol) enhances the mass transfer rate of the adsorbent, improving the small-scale column performance parameters. To sum up, this study emphasizes the key role played by surface chemistry on the applicability of P-containing activated carbon as adsorbents. These results also confirm that controlled gasification at high temperatures of P-containing activated carbons is a useful method for improving their behavior in micropollutant abatement.

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Synthesis of activated carbon fibers from cotton by microwave induced H3PO4 activation

Cited by 106 publications

References 26 publications

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation

Returning to Nature for the Design of Sorptive Phases in Solid-Phase Microextraction

About the Role of Porosity and Surface Chemistry of Phosphorus-Containing Activated Carbons in the Removal of Micropollutants

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