Synthesis of a Tissue-Engineered Periosteum with Acellular Dermal Matrix and Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Periosteal grafts can aid in bone repair by providing bone progenitor cells and acting as a barrier to scar tissue. Unfortunately, these grafts have many of the same disadvantages as bone grafts (donor site morbidity and limited donor sites). In this article, we describe a method of synthesizing a periosteum-like material using acellular human dermis and osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). We show that osteoblasts readily attach to and proliferate on the acellular human dermis in vitro. In addition, osteoblasts retained the potential for differentiation in response to bone morphogenetic protein stimulation. Cells grown on the acellular human dermis were efficiently transfected with adenoviruses with no evidence of cellular toxicity. To assess for in vivo cell delivery and bone-forming potential, the acellular human dermis was seeded with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive MSCs, transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 2, wrapped around the adductor muscle in syngeneic mice, and used to treat critical-sized mandibular defects in nude rats. After 3 weeks, GFP-positive cells were still present, and bone had replaced the interface between the muscle and the constructs. After 6 weeks, critical-sized bone defects had been successfully healed. In conclusion, we show that an acellular human dermis can be used to synthesize a tissue-engineered periosteum capable of delivering cells and osteoinductive proteins.

Uncovering the periosteum for skeletal regeneration: The stem cell that lies beneath

“…The investigators envisage that this system will improve the healing and integration of allografts in vivo to levels that are seen with autografts. Engineered artificial periosteal tissues have previously been investigated, including the use of acellular human dermis as a substitute for periosteum for the repair of critical-sized defects [102]. When [63]) and synoviumderived cells (SDC; D; [63]), retrieved eight weeks after implantation.…”

Development of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels for Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Applications

“…31,42 Critical to this approach was the localization and temporal release of MSCs provided by the PEG hydrogel, 43 as MSCs seeded directly on an allograft have little effect on healing. [107][108][109] In previous studies, transplantation of primary SMG cells into irradiated glands was performed using intraglandular *5-10 mL injections. 10,12,13 We speculate that in situ polymerization of a hydrogel to surround damaged salivary glands may provide a direct means of delivering SMG cells for regeneration.…”

Epiflex® A new decellularised human skin tissue transplant: manufacture and properties

“…This can result in a localized woundhealing disturbance characterized by ischemia and cellular damage with the consequence that flaps, autografts and transplants often fail. A widely discussed potential solution to this problem is tissue engineered transplants with living cells and/or growth factors (Bannasch et al 2008;Bauer et al 2005;Forsberg et al 2008;Schonmeyr et al 2009). One solution for the acute localized wound-healing problems would be to provide a transplant with an appropriate cell population that could initiate woundhealing and promote revascularization of the graft and the surrounding damaged tissue.…”