Synthesis of a Pt/C Electrocatalyst from a User-Friendly Pt Precursor (Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate) through Microwave-Assisted Polyol Synthesis

Sharma, Raghunandan; Wang, Yue; Li, Fan; Chamier, Jessica; Andersen, Shuang Ma

doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b01336

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Evolutions of the cyclic voltammograms of the Pt/C untreated , Pt/C MW‐180 °C‐EG , and Pt/C MW‐140 °C samples with number of stress cycles during the AST1 have been shown in Figures 5a‐5c. The initial cyclic voltammograms exhibit identical characteristics for different Pt/C samples, exhibiting characteristic redox peaks for Pt, i. e. hydrogen adsorption and desorption peaks for potentials below 0.3 V, Pt‐oxide formation (positive –going scan) for potentials above 0.9 V, and reduction of Pt Oxides (negative‐going) between 1.0 and 0.6 V [24] . In the potential range between 0.4 and ∼0.6 V, the voltammograms apparently show no significant Faradaic currents except a small shoulder for the positive‐going scan that could be assigned to surface oxide reduction from the carbon, as discussed later.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pt/C Electrocatalyst Durability Enhancement by Inhibition of Pt Nanoparticle Growth Through Microwave Pretreatment of Carbon Support

et al. 2021

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Durability enhancement of Pt supported on carbon (Pt/C) electrocatalysts through a simple microwave (MW) pretreatment of the carbon support has been studied. Vulcan XC 72 carbon (either in suspension or dry state) was subjected to MW irritation for a short period of time (~5 min) prior to synthesis of the Pt/C electrocatalysts (20 wt.% Pt) through a polyol route. Platinum deposited onto MW-pretreated and unmodified carbons demonstrated similar initial Pt particle size distributions (average particle size~3.3 nm) and electrochemical surface area (ECSA). However, ECSA evolution based on an accelerated stress test (AST) in acidic conditions suggested a clear durability enhancement of the MW-pretreated Pt/C samples over the unmodified equivalent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of the post-AST samples reveal spherical and nanorod morphologies of the Pt nanoparticles for the untreated and the MW-pretreated carbon supports, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evidences presence of surface active sites (CÀ O*) on the carbon support generated from the MW irradiation. Those active sites turned out to be suitable nucleation sites for redeposition of the dissolved Pt species to form new Pt nanoparticles during AST. The mechanism reduces the rate of Pt nanoparticle active surface area loss, and thus provides increased durability. The proposed concept opens a new territory for a scalable process to further advance the electrocatalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pt/C Electrocatalyst Durability Enhancement by Inhibition of Pt Nanoparticle Growth Through Microwave Pretreatment of Carbon Support

et al. 2021

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“…Optimizations on the reaction time and the reaction temperature for the Pt/C synthesis from (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 can be found in our previous publication. 42 Constant magnetic stirring was used during the MW treatment, while the vessel was cooled to 50 °C using compressed air jet before opening. For the Pt concentration study, the amounts of (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 and Vulcan XC 72 carbon were varied appropriately while maintaining the ethylene glycol/milli-Q water volume ratio constant at 3/7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size-Controlled Growth of Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt/C) through Water-Assisted Polyol Synthesis

et al. 2019

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A water-assisted control of Pt nanoparticle size during a surfactant-free, microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of the carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C) in a mixture of ethylene glycol and water using (NH4)2PtCl6 as the Pt precursor is demonstrated. The particle size was tuned between ∼2 and ∼6 nm by varying either the H2O volume percent or the Pt precursor concentration during synthesis. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen-reduction reaction activity obtained for the Pt/C electrocatalyst show a catalytic performance competitive to that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts used for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrodes (ECSA: ∼70 m2/g; half-wave potential for oxygen reduction reaction: 0.83 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). The synthesized Pt/C electrocatalysts show durability equivalent to or better than that of the commercial Pt/C. The durability was found to improve with increasing particle size, with the ECSA loss values being ∼70 and ∼55% for the particle sizes of 2.1 and 4.3 nm, respectively. The study may be used as a route to synthesize Pt/C electrocatalysts from a convenient and economic Pt precursor (NH4)2PtCl6 and avoiding the use of alkaline media.

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“…Chemical methods for the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles are the most frequently used. They are based on the reduction of platinum complexes such as chloroplatinic acid [14], K 2 PtCl 6 [15], (NH 4 ) 2 PtCl 6 [16] or platinum(II) acetylacetonate [17]. One of the most developed methods for the chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles is the polyol process, which allows for the production of nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Au, Pt and Pd) with a tailored size and shape in a size range below 10 nm [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Based Nanoparticles Produced by a Pulsed Spark Discharge as a Promising Material for Gas Sensors

et al. 2021

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We have applied spark ablation technology for producing nanoparticles from platinum ingots (purity of 99.97 wt. %) as a feed material by using air as a carrier gas. A maximum production rate of about 400 mg/h was achieved with an energy per pulse of 0.5 J and a pulse repetition rate of 250 Hz. The synthesized nanomaterial, composed of an amorphous platinum oxide PtO (83 wt. %) and a crystalline metallic platinum (17 wt. %), was used for formulating functional colloidal ink. Annealing of the deposited ink at 750 °C resulted in the formation of a polycrystalline material comprising 99.7 wt. % of platinum. To demonstrate the possibility of application of the formulated ink in printed electronics, we have patterned conductive lines and microheaters on alumina substrates and 20 μm thick low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) membranes with the use of aerosol jet printing technology. The power consumption of microheaters fabricated on LTCC membranes was found to be about 140 mW at a temperature of the hot part of 500 °C, thus allowing one to consider these structures as promising micro-hotplates for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors. The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated by measuring the resistance transients of the non-sintered microheaters upon exposure to 2500 ppm of hydrogen.

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Synthesis of a Pt/C Electrocatalyst from a User-Friendly Pt Precursor (Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate) through Microwave-Assisted Polyol Synthesis

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Pt/C Electrocatalyst Durability Enhancement by Inhibition of Pt Nanoparticle Growth Through Microwave Pretreatment of Carbon Support

Pt/C Electrocatalyst Durability Enhancement by Inhibition of Pt Nanoparticle Growth Through Microwave Pretreatment of Carbon Support

Particle Size-Controlled Growth of Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt/C) through Water-Assisted Polyol Synthesis

Platinum Based Nanoparticles Produced by a Pulsed Spark Discharge as a Promising Material for Gas Sensors

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