Synthesis of a posterior indicator protein in normal embryos and double abdomens of Smittia sp. (Chironomidae, Diptera).

Jäckle, Herbert; Kalthoff, Klaus

doi:10.1073/pnas.77.11.6700

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1980

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6700

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Synthesis of a posterior indicator protein in normal embryos and double abdomens of Smittia sp. (Chironomidae, Diptera).

Herbert Jäckle¹,

Klaus Kalthoff²

Abstract: In embryos of the chironomid midge Smittia, synthesis of a posterior indicator protein designated PI1 (Mr 50,000; pI 5.5)

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1981

1992

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Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

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From egg to pole cells: Ultrastructural aspects of early cleavage and germ cell determination in insects

Zissler

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Insect eggs are giant and very complex cells covered by an extremely resistant shell. Both the egg cell and surrounding eggshell express anteroposterior and ventrodorsal polarity. The molecular and cytoplasmic organization of both axes originates during oogenesis and leads to the production of an ooplasmic system which consists of euplasm and deutoplasm (yolk) and contains a nucleus as well as extranuclear determinants of maternal origin. Both are part of the store of information for early embryogenesis. In addition, the deutoplasm serves as raw material and early nutrient supply for building the embryo. The insect egg cell, which is arrested in the first maturation division when released from the ovary during oviposition, will be activated by different stimuli among different species to complete meiosis and start embryogenesis. The zygote nucleus undergoes a number of synchronous mitotic divisions leading to cleavage energids which initially form a syncytial blastoderm and subsequently the cellular blastoderm. In many insects, prior to blastoderm formation, polar granules (or oosome material) are incorporated in a single cell or a small number of cells which bud off at the posterior pole. These so called pole cells give rise to the primordial germ cells. Therefore, polar granules or the oosome material mark the germ line, and while structural counterparts of determinants of body pattern formation have so far not been found, the polar granules or oosome serve as an autonomous ooplasmic determinant for the pole or germ cells. Anteroposterior body polarity can arise independent of the germ plasm.

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From egg to pole cells: Ultrastructural aspects of early cleavage and germ cell determination in insects

Zissler

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Parameters influencing reversal of segment sequence in posterior egg fragments ofCallosobruchus (Coleoptera)

Meer

1984

Wilhelm Roux' Archiv

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The "double abdomen" type of embryonic segment pattern can develop in posterior fragments ofCallosobruchus eggs. In this type of pattern, a series of posterior segments is joined in reversed polarity to an equal set from the original pattern persisting in normal polarity. Reversed and non-reversed sets are fused in a plane of mirror symmetry, which shows in the larval cuticle as a "symmetry line". This line may be located anywhere in the posterior thorax or the anterior abdomen. The reversed abdomen may be incomplete caudally due to secondary causes. Polarity reversal and concomitant double abdomen formation occurred only when temporary constriction was terminated before cellularization of the blastoderm, and only when the anterior fragment was degenerating. Maximum reversal frequency was 94% of analyzable posterior partial larvae when the constriction was applied slightly anterior to the middle of the egg when the egg contained 4-32 nuclei. Reversal was often restricted to longitudinal strips of the larval cuticle. The longitudinal borderlines between the reversed and the non-reversed strips ran predominantly along the larval midlines. Such borderlines probably existed in the blastoderm anywhere around its circumference, but borderlines in the future mesoderm and serosa would be internalized during gastrulation and dorsal closure, respectively, and the embryonic midlines would then become secondary borderlines visible in the larval cuticle. If a morphogen is involved in segment pattern formation, its transport in the egg must be polarized longitudinally in order to account for reversals restricted to longitudinal cuticular strips.

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Double abdomen induction with low UV-doses inSmittia spec. (Chironomidae, diptera): Sensitive period and complete photoreversibility

Ripley

Kalthoff

1981

Wilhelm Roux' Archiv

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In embryos of the chironomid midgeSmittia spec., UV-irradiation of anterior pole regions results in double abdomen formation. In this abnormal body pattern, head and thorax are replaced by a mirror image of the abdomen. Irradiation at a particular stage between nuclear migration and blastoderm formation, and with the anterior pole facing the UV-beam, yields 100% double abdomens after a minimum UV-dose (140 J·m at 285 nm wavelength). By subsequent exposure to light of longer wavelength, embryos can be reprogrammed so that they develop normally again. The irradiation procedure described is suitable for programming large numbers of embryos for double abdomen formation, with a minimum of side effects and virtually complete photoreversibility.

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Synthesis of a posterior indicator protein in normal embryos and double abdomens of Smittia sp. (Chironomidae, Diptera).

Abstract: In embryos of the chironomid midge Smittia, synthesis of a posterior indicator protein designated PI1 (Mr 50,000; pI 5.5)

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

From egg to pole cells: Ultrastructural aspects of early cleavage and germ cell determination in insects

From egg to pole cells: Ultrastructural aspects of early cleavage and germ cell determination in insects

Parameters influencing reversal of segment sequence in posterior egg fragments ofCallosobruchus (Coleoptera)

Double abdomen induction with low UV-doses inSmittia spec. (Chironomidae, diptera): Sensitive period and complete photoreversibility

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