Synthesis of a novel macromolecular charring agent with free-radical quenching capability and its synergism in flame retardant polypropylene

Xie, Huali; Lai, Xuejun; Li, Hongqiang; Zeng, Xingrong

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.029

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…FTIR spectra of phenylphosphonic dichloride and HPCFA are shown in Figure . For phenylphosphonic dichloride, the peaks at 1589, 747, and 683 cm −1 are attributed to the benzene ring . The absorption bands for P―Ph, P═O, and P―Cl stretching vibration appear at 1437, 1271, and 570 cm −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intumescent flame retardant (IFR) has attracted a great deal of attention because of its low smoke, non-toxicity, anti-dripping, and environmental friendly characteristics. [1][2][3] The mechanism of IFR refers to the formation of multicellular swollen char on the surface of the matrix under heating beyond a critical temperature, which acts as excellent insulation barrier against heat transfer from the heat flux/flame to the unburned matrix. [4][5][6][7] A typical IFR mainly comprises 3 components: an acid source, a charring agent, and a blowing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing triazine derivative (HPCFA) is synthesized. HPCFA is used as charring‐foaming agent and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as intumescent flame retardant to flame retard polypropylene (PP). PP/HPCFA/APP composite can achieve limited oxygen index value of 31% and pass UL 94V‐0 rating by addition of 20 wt% HPCFA/APP (1/2, w/w). Besides, HPCFA is compared with another hyperbranched charring‐foaming agent (HCFA). HPCFA and HCFA have similar chemical structure, and their only difference is that HPCFA has phosphorus‐containing unit in the main chain compared with HCFA. HPCFA/APP system exhibits superior flame retardancy compared with HCFA/APP system. Char residue analysis demonstrates that HPCFA/APP system can form denser and more compact char layer in comparison with that of HCFA/APP system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The LOI and UL-94 V results revealed that the optimum amount of ZnO was 3%. The TGA data clearly indicated that the addition of ZnO can greatly increase the thermal stability of the coating by increasing the char residue percentage at high temperature [36,37]. APP and ETPMP can easily participate in phosphor esterification reaction at their decomposition temperatures, as ETPMP has a significant number of -OH groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

et al. 2019

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by a precipitation method, and a new charring–foaming agent (CFA) N-ethanolamine triazine-piperazine, melamine polymer (ETPMP) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction by using cyanuric chloride, ethanolamine, piperazine, and melamine as precursor molecules. FTIR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies were employed to characterize and confirm the synthesized ETPMP structure. New intumescent flame retardant epoxy coating compositions were prepared by adding ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ETPMP, and ZnO NPs into an epoxy resin. APP and ETPMP were fixed in a 2:1 w/w ratio and used as an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. ZnO NPs were loaded as a synergistic agent in different amounts into the IFR coating system. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs on IFR coatings were systematically evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning tests (UL-94 V), TGA, cone calorimeter tests, and SEM. The obtained results revealed that a small amount of ZnO NPs significantly increased the LOI values of the IFR coating and these coatings had a V-0 ratings in UL-94 V tests. From the TGA data, it is clear that the addition of ZnO NPs could change the thermal degradation behaviors of coatings with increasing char residue percentage at high temperatures. Cone calorimeter data reported that ZnO NPs could decrease the combustion parameters including peak heat release rates (PHRRs), and total heat release (THR) rates. The SEM results showed that ZnO NPs could enhance the strength and the compactness of the intumescent char, which restricted the flow of heat and oxygen.

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“…As shown in Figure C, highly intumescent char is obtained for the IFR system of APP and PCA. In condensed phase, APP is decomposed to oligomer phosphate, which can react with triazine and amine compounds produced by thermal degradation of PCA, to form cross‐linking structures . Moreover, some structures with high thermal stability like P–O–P, P–O–C, and OP–O are formed, and they expedite subsequent charring process of this IFR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of piperazine cyanurate by hydrogen‐bonding self‐assembly reaction and its application in intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

Dong

Yuan

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Piperazine cyanurate (PCA) is designed and synthesized via hydrogen-bonding selfassembly reactions between piperazine and cyanuric acid. Chemical structure and morphology of PCA are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The prepared PCA is combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. Thermostability, flammability, and combustion characteristics of PP composites are analyzed. The maximum thermal decomposition rate of flameretarded PP composites has an apparent reduction compared with that of pure PP, and obvious char is left for this intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system of APP and PCA. A high limiting oxygen index value and UL-94 V-0 rating are achieved with addition of APP and PCA. In cone calorimetry test, heat and smoke releases of PP are significantly decreased by this IFR system. Gaseous decomposition products during the thermal decomposition of flame-retardant composites are studied. Chemical structure and morphology of char residues are analyzed. The results illustrate that APP and PCA have a superb synergistic action in the aspect of improvement in fire safety of PP. A possible flame-retardant mechanism is concluded to reveal the synergism between APP and PCA. K E Y W O R D S intumescent flame retardant, mechanism, polypropylene, synergism 1 | INTRODUCTION Polymeric materials, which are now universally used in many areas, have been important to modern life for many years. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the universal polymers and has many advantages, such as easy processability, corrosion resistance, and low cost. However, it is a kind of easily combustible material, which seriously restricts its applications. Because of its emission of poisonous gases while burning, PP has high fire hazard potential for human life. 1,2 Therefore, PP materials must be modified with flame-retardant additives in order to achieve desired flame-retardant performance and meet the requirements in some application fields. Currently, considerable effort has been devoted to explore methods of reducing the inflammability of PP. Various flame retardants, such as metallic hydroxide, expandable graphite, halogencontaining flame retardants, and phosphorous-containing compounds, have been successfully developed to endow PP with flame retardancy. 3 For instance, metal hydroxides, including aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, are used in PP, but mechanical properties of PP materials are easily destroyed by high loading of fillers. 4 As a kind of halogen flame retardants, bromine-containing compound has been regarded as the most effective flame retardant for PP. 5 However, some halogen-containing flame retardants are being phased out because of their health and environmental hazards,

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Synthesis of a novel macromolecular charring agent with free-radical quenching capability and its synergism in flame retardant polypropylene

Cited by 76 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Synthesis of a novel hyperbranched and phosphorus‐containing charring‐foaming agent and its application in polypropylene

Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Char Forming Agent Polymer on Flame Retardancy of Intumescent Flame Retardant Coatings

Preparation of piperazine cyanurate by hydrogen‐bonding self‐assembly reaction and its application in intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites

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