Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

Abstract

A novel strategy is developed to synthesis nitrogen rich (few layer graphene-carbon nanotube) [N-(FLG-CN)] hybrid material with the help of self-degradable MnO 2 nanorod templates for the application of high performance and long cyclic stability anode electrode in Li ion batteries. During the synthesis procedure, the surfaces of MnO 2 nanorods and few layer graphene (FLG) are non-covalently functionalized with a anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, respectively for proper mixing of the constituents. Polymerization of this one and two dimensional hybrid composite with a nitrogen containing polymer and subsequent pyrolysis at 800 °C temperture lead to the formation of highly porous nitrogen doped-(FLG-CN) hybrid nanocomposite with a nitrogen doping level of 9.3 wt. %. The N-(FLG-CN) electrode material in Li ion batteries displays superior reversible capacities of 739 mAh g -1 after 30 th cycle at the current density of 100 mA g -1 and 445 mAh g -1 after 500 th cycle at the high current density of 500 mA g -1 . As compared to pristine graphene material, N doped (FLG-CN) hybrid material shows two times enhancement in specific capacity at high current densities (~ 5000 mA g -1 ) and long cyclic stability (1000 cycles). The highly defective and porous 1D-2D morphology of N-(FLG-CN) hybrid structure gives more adsorption sites for lithium ions, meanwhile nitrogen doping significantly reduces the charge transfer resistance of graphene based electrodes.

Nitrogen Rich Hierarchically Organized Porous Carbon/Sulfur Composite Cathode Electrode for High Performance Li/S Battery: A Mechanistic Investigation by Operando Spectroscopic Studies

“…MnO 2 nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis . Details of the synthesis of the nitrogen rich carbon host matrix (NGC) were explained in one of the previous reports . In brief, the pristine graphene was functionalized by the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA, 20 wt% in H 2 O) to attach positively charged surface functional groups.…”

“…Subsequently, this hybrid structure was coated with the nitrogen containing polymer polypyrrole (PPy), using the monomer pyrrole (250 mL). During this process, the MnO 2 nanorods themselves acted as oxidants and self‐degradable templates for the formation of the porous conductive host matrix . The PPy coated hybrid structure was finally pyrolyzed at 800 °C in argon atmosphere to form a nitrogen doped porous carbon (NGC).…”

Iron encapsulated nitrogen and sulfur co-doped few layer graphene as a non-precious ORR catalyst for PEMFC application

“…8 The advantages of Fe based alternative catalysts include low cost, excellent electrocatalytic activity, improved durability as compared to other NPC catalysts, and an environmentally benign character. [13][14][15] Among the different possibilities to achieve N doping of graphene support materials, mixing with various nitrogen containing polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (PPy) and their subsequent pyrolysis at high temperatures can provide large amount of pyridinic, pyrrolic and graphitic nitrogen functionalities within the graphene support, which lead to a high ORR activity. 11 The general procedure to prepare these NPC is the combined heating of precursors which contain nitrogen, carbon and Fe or Co transition metals between the temperatures of 500 and 800 C. 12 The ORR activity of the NPC materials is mainly correlated with the morphology of carbon supports, nature of nitrogen and transition-metal precursors used for synthesis and heat treatment temperature etc.…”

Facile synthesis of thermally reduced graphene oxide-sepiolite nanohybrid via intercalation and thermal reduction method

“…Recently, development of hybrid materials with multi-dimensional architecture has gained widespread research attention due to synergistic combination of properties Vinayan et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016). The hybrid nanomaterials have been fabricated via physical or chemical methods using combinations of different materials viz.…”