“…These minerals are used in a number of fields (biomedicine, agriculture, and environment) such as chromatic science, ferro-fluid technology, information and energy storage, biomedicine, and controlled drug delivery, coal washing and as adsorbents. This is attributed to their high surface area, magnetic properties, cohesion ability, stability at varying temperature gradients and reusability (Chmielewská et al, 2017, Ponomar, 2018, de Almeida Silva et al, 2017. Their non-toxic conduct and biocompatible applications can also be enriched further by special surface coating with organic or inorganic molecules, including surfactants, drugs, proteins, starches, enzymes, antibodies, nucleotides, non-ionic detergents, and polyelectrolytes.…”