Synthesis of a formaldehyde-free phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant with multiple reactive groups and its application in cotton fabrics

Li, Xinhang; Chen, Huiyu; Wang, Wentao; Liu, Yaqing; Zhao, Pei‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.003

Cited by 76 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, dioxo(3-triethylphosphite-5-chlorin-triazine) neopentyl glycol (20) was synthesized from reaction of monomer (14) with almost half equivalent of neopentyl glycol ( Figure 12); the obtained product was applied onto cotton fabrics [30]. Cotton fabrics were impregnated in a solution containing (20) and Na2PO4·H2O as a catalyst at 40 °C.…”

Section: Triazine-based Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As assessed by TG analyses, an anticipation of the onset thermal decomposition, as well as an increase of the char formation by increasing the add-on was found: once again, this latter finding proves the condensed phase mode of action of the flame retardant. Dong et al reacted phenyl dichlorophosphate with ethylenediamine, in order to obtain the poly(phoshorodiamidate) (30), shown in Figure 21. The product was applied onto cotton fabrics [43].…”

Section: Flame Retardants As Polymer-additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

2016

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This paper aims at updating the progress on the phosphorus-based flame retardants specifically designed and developed for fibers and fabrics (particularly referring to cotton, polyester and their blends) over the last five years. Indeed, as clearly depicted by Horrocks in a recent review, the world of flame retardants for textiles is still experiencing some changes that are focused on topics like the improvement of its effectiveness and the replacement of toxic chemical products with counterparts that have low environmental impact and, hence, are more sustainable. In this context, phosphorus-based compounds play a key role and may lead, possibly in combination with silicon-or nitrogen-containing structures, to the design of new, efficient flame retardants for fibers and fabrics. Therefore, this review thoroughly describes the advances and the potentialities offered by the phosphorus-based products recently developed at a lab-scale, highlighting the current limitations, open challenges and some perspectives toward their possible exploitation at a larger scale.

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Section: Triazine-based Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Retardants As Polymer-additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry

2016

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“…Thus, the environmentally‐friendly flame‐retardant additives with good flame retardancy are particularly needed. In recent years, the phosphorus‐nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen‐free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity . Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity. 15,16 Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

230

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A phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame-retardant, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphoryl melamine (DPPM), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with DPPM (DPPM-RPUF) as fire-retardant additive were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical performance testing showed that DPPM exhibited a favorable compatibility with RPUF and negligibly negative influence on the mechanical properties of RPUF. The flame retardancy of DPPM on RPUF was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The LOI of DPPM-RPUF could reach 29.5%, and a UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved, when the content of DPPM was 25 php. Furthermore, the DPPM-RPUF exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V-0 rating after water soaking. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weight of RPUF was relatively low, while the charring ability of DPPM-RPUF was improved greatly. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermo-oxidative degradation reactions of DPPM-RPUF. The results revealed that the flame-retardancy mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was based on the surface charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slowed down the decomposition of RPUF and prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases. storage and electromagnetic interference shielding fields due to its high mechanical properties, insulated properties, etc. 1-4 However, one of its major defects is its flammability, which limits its further applications. 5,6 The improvement of the flame retardancy of RPUF has currently been an important subject among the developments of new polymer foam materials. 7,8 Traditionally, the main flame retardants for RPUF are the halogen-based compounds such as pentabromodiphenyl ether, chloroethylphosphate, etc, which may endow RPUF excellent flame retardation. 9 However, when burning, such retardants release a lot of toxic gases which pollute environment and damage people's health. 10-14 Thus, the environmentally-friendly flame-retardant additives with good flame retardancy are particularly needed. In recent years, the phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity. 15,16 Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame. 14,15 In spite of many advantages, IFRs have 2 issues, ie, low water solubility and high thermal stability. 17 In addition, they are poorly compatible with the RPUF matrix, which weakens the mechanical properties of ...

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“…Therefore, increasing attention and research from industry and academia have been focused on the flame retardant improvement of cotton fabrics [6]. To provide fire retardant properties for cotton fabrics, lots of technologies have been utilized: sol-gel technique [7][8][9][10][11], layerby-layer assembly [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], flame retardant finishing treatment [21,22], plasma treatments [23][24][25], and surface grafting treatment [26], et al And several flame retardants containing phosphorusnitrogen [27,28], phosphorus-silicon [29] and silicon-nitrogen [3] have been synthesized and applied to improve fire retardancy of cotton fabrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%