Synthesis of a Compound Phosphorus-Nitrogen Intumescent Flame Retardant for Applications to Raw Lacquer

Abstract

Raw lacquer (RL) is a natural polymer compound with highly promising applications; however, its inflammable attribute restricts the industrial applications. In this study, melamine is used to formulate tri (1-melamine-2-propanol) phosphate (FR-1), after which it is synthesized with ammonium phosphate (FR-2) and diatomite to form a compound phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant (IFR). Next, IFR is used as the filling agent that then cross-links with RL, and as such RL/IFR membranes are formed after the curing. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, the vertical combustion test (UL-94), the microshape calorimetric analysis (CCT), and the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) are conducted to examine the combustion resistance and thermal stability of the membranes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and electron scanning microscope (SEM) are performed to separately characterize the structure and compatibility; the mechanical properties of the membranes are also evaluated. The vertical combustion test results confirm that with 30 wt% of IFR, RL/IFR membranes acquire 12.3% higher LOI and a vertically combustion of V-0 level. The TGA indicates that RL/IFR membranes demonstrate a greater adhesion level, a higher rigidity, and better luster than pure RL membranes.

Characterization and Performance Testing of an Intumescent Nanoinhibitor for Inhibiting Coal Spontaneous Combustion

“… 22 Shiu et al compounded the IFR with raw lacquer to improve the fire resistance and thermal stability of the raw lacquer. 23 …”

“…22 Shiu et al compounded the IFR with raw lacquer to improve the fire resistance and thermal stability of the raw lacquer. 23 Although IFRs have many advantages, they also have disadvantages, such as low flame retardant efficiency and high consumption. The addition of nanomaterials can make up for these disadvantages.…”

“…Bhoite et al used the IFR to treat expanded polystyrene beads to improve their fire resistance . Shiu et al compounded the IFR with raw lacquer to improve the fire resistance and thermal stability of the raw lacquer …”

Simultaneous reinforcement of the electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube fibers by using a natural cross-linkable thermosetting polymer

“…17,18 In addition, it is an eco-friendly, natural, carbonizable, and readily available material from the sap of lacquer trees. 19 Based on these features, we hypothesized that urushiol could be a promising candidate for simultaneous enhancement of the mechanical and electrical properties of CNT fibers.…”

Surface Functionalization of Black Phosphorus via Amine Compounds and Its Impacts on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Epoxy Resin

“…Therefore, flame-retardant modification for EP is significant for human life and property. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are becoming one of the most important research branches in the field of flame retardants, owing to its advantages of a high efficiency, halogen-free and eco-friendly [6][7][8][9].…”