Synthesis of a cardanol-based phosphorus-containing polyurethane prepolymer and its application in phenolic foams

Bo, Caiying; Wei, S.C.; Hu, Lihong; Jia, Puyou; Liang, Bingchuang; Zhou, Jianqin

doi:10.1039/c6ra08249a

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The aromatic nucleus of the PR is only connected by a methylene group, and under the action of an external force, the methylene group is easily broken, resulting in embrittlement of the PR. Meanwhile, the methylene group of the PR is also broken due to easily oxidation at the high temperature, which limits its application [55][56]. Hence, it is an important research direction to improve the toughness and heat resistance of the PR.…”

Section: Cardanol Based Phenolic Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Jia¹,

Song²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Polymers from renewable resources are receiving tremendous attention due to the increasing concerns on the depletion of fossil oils and deteriorated environments. Cardanol, as an abundant and renewable chemical raw material, has been widely used for the production of renewable polymer materials via converting into various of chemical monomers with active functional groups. This comprehensive review deals with various aspects of cardanol as a starting material the preparing various polymer and polymer composites such as benzoxazine resins, phenolic resin, polyurethanes, epoxy resin, vinyl ester polymers, polyamide and cyanate ester resins. The assessment of the future prospects for the use of cardanol to synthesise novel and valuable renewable materials is presented.

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Section: Cardanol Based Phenolic Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Jia¹,

Song²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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“…Bo's team prepared a phosphorus‐containing polyurethane prepolymer (PPUP) for toughening phenolic foam. Their results showed that, compared with pure phenolic foam, the mechanical properties were improved with the increase in the PPUP content; however, when the content of PPUP was less than 3 phr, the limited oxygen index value of the toughened phenolic foam was not significantly improved . Yang et al prepared a polyurethane prepolymer (PSPUP) containing phosphorus and silicon to toughen the phenolic foam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results showed that, compared with pure phenolic foam, the mechanical properties were improved with the increase in the PPUP content; however, when the content of PPUP was less than 3 phr, the limited oxygen index value of the toughened phenolic foam was not significantly improved. 9 Yang et al prepared a polyurethane prepolymer (PSPUP) containing phosphorus and silicon to toughen the phenolic foam. Their results showed that phenolic foam modified with the addition of 5-wt% PSPUP had the best mechanical properties compared with pure phenolic foam, but the limited oxygen index value was reduced from 45% to 43.5%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a new kind of co‐modified phenolic foam was synthesized with polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) and H3BO3 by a simple preparation method. Firstly, in order to determine the optimal amount of PUP, the effects of different PUP additions on the mechanical properties, foam microstructure, and pulverization rate of phenolic foam were investigated. Then H3BO3 was added to toughened phenolic foam, in order to reduce its fire hazard. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the PFPUP8 phenolic foam composite were the best when the PUP content was 8 wt%. It had a small and regular cell structure, and its pulverization ratio was reduced by 80% compared with that of pristine phenolic foam. Meanwhile, the flame retardant properties of PFPUP8 were improved in different degrees with an increase in the amount of H3BO3. Particularly, when the addition of H3BO3 was 10 wt%, the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, and the total smoke release values of PFPUP10B were decreased by 35.4%, 42.4%, and 45.2%, respectively, compared with those of PFPUP8. The value of the limit oxygen index was increased by 33.1%. Besides, the addition of H3BO3 had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties and pulverization ratio of PFPUP8. In addition, the specific mechanisms of toughening, flame retardant, and smoke suppression are also discussed in this paper on the basis of an investigation into the thermal properties of the toughened flame retardant foam composites by thermogravimetric analysis in N2 atmosphere.

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“…As third-generation insulation, phenolic foams (PFs) exhibit excellent fire performance, including good flame retardancy, low smoke production and no dripping during combustion, low smoke toxicity, and resistance to flame penetration [5][6][7]. However, because the aromatic ring of PFs is only crosslinked by methylene, these foams exhibit poor mechanical properties, including poor toughness and high pulverization rates, which severely limits their range of application [8,9]. An efficient toughening method to overcome this problem is the introduction of flexible long chains into the rigid network of PFs through chemical modification [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Toughening Phenolic Foams in Phosphorus-Containing Tung Oil-Based Derivatives

Song¹,

Jia²,

Xiao³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Phenolic foams (PFs) as thermal insulation material with outstanding flame retardancy are required to match society's ever-expanding safety expectations; however, a trade-off exists between flame retardancy and toughness. Here, for the first time, we synthesized a novel reactive phosphoruscontaining tung-oil-based derivative and used it to toughen PF, resulting in PFs with a combination of excellent mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Compared with pure PF, the modified PFs exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, with specific compressive and flexural strengths as high as 5.67 MPa and 12.46 MPa, which represent increases of 90.67% and 178.7% over those of pure PF, respectively. Meanwhile, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of the modified PFs are improved as much as 40.83%. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs show that the microstructure of the modified PFs is better than that of pure PF, with a more uniform cell morphology, a narrower pore size distribution range, and a smaller average pore size, all of which are beneficial to the foam's mechanical properties. This study provides a scientific paradigm for the development of advanced PFs based on renewable biological resources.

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Synthesis of a cardanol-based phosphorus-containing polyurethane prepolymer and its application in phenolic foams

Abstract: A cardanol-based P-containing polyurethane prepolymer (PPUP), a novel cardanol derivative, was synthesized.

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Recent Development of Cardanol Based Polymer Materials-A Review

Preparation and mechanism of polyurethane prepolymer and boric acid co‐modified phenolic foam composite: Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties

Study on Toughening Phenolic Foams in Phosphorus-Containing Tung Oil-Based Derivatives

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