Synthesis of a base-stock for electrical insulating fluid based on palm kernel oil

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

2012

Self Cite

This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link ABSTRACTNaturally-occurring palm kernel oil (PKO) and its ester derivatives are being considered as sustainable alternatives to synthetic oils for use as dielectric fluids. This paper reports on their dielectric properties, which have been studied and compared to BS148 mineral oil. The low frequency complex dielectric response of the PKO and its derivatives are related to ionic conduction and electrode polarization phenomena. The purified PKO has an electrical conductivity of 3.04 × 10 -12 at 30C; this is 10 times lower than crude PKO but about 10 times great than the BS148 oil. The bulk conductivity is thermally activated, activation energy = 0.47 eV, and influenced by viscosity. The ester derivatives had a higher conductivity than the PKO, which was related to ionic impurities introduced during processing. The breakdown field was measured in a bespoke cell enabling smaller volumes of oil (15 ml) than that used in ASTM D1816. The characteristic AC breakdown strength of purified PKO and is alkyl esters were found to be in the range, 41 to 43 kV/mm, which is significantly higher than the mineral oil (27 kV/mm). The results support the proposition that a dielectric fluid derived from palm kernel oil, once re-purified, may be a suitable replacement for mineral oil based fluids in HV electrical equipment.Index Terms -palm kernel oil, ester derivatives, dielectric loss, viscosity, AC characteristic breakdown field, Weibull distribution.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such alternatives include processed ester derivatives of crude palm kernel oil 2 . The challenge here is to produce an insulating oil that can be used over a wide range of temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conduction and dielectric breakdown characteristics of alkyl ester dielectric fluids obtained from palm kernel oil

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

2012

Self Cite

“…The peak of the reaction endotherm of the thermogram at low temperature is often taken as the melting point [5]. The peak melting temperature of PKOAE1 and PKOAE2 which were both -6.9˚C occurs at a significantly lower temperature than the melting point of purified palm kernel oil which was earlier reported to be about 26˚C [6]. The separation of glycerol from the fatty acids reduced the melting temperature of the esters.…”

Section: A Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of side chains on the dielectric properties of alkyl esters derived from palm kernel oil

2011 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids

et al. 2011

Self Cite

Effect of side chains on the dielectric properties of alkyl esters derived from palm kernel oil. Proceedings -IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids, ISSN 2153-3725 This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract-Alkyl ester derivatives were synthesized from laboratory purified palm kernel oil. The steps in the synthesis involved transesterification of palm kernel oil to produce a methyl ester, followed by epoxidation and then the grafting of side chains by esterification with propionic and butyric anhydride. The dielectric and thermal properties of the ester derivatives were analyzed and compared with the methyl ester. The melting point of the ester derivatives were found to reduce with side chain attachment and antioxidant improved its thermal stability. The dielectric loss was dominated by mobile charged particles and the chemical modification appeared to increase the rate at which electric double layer was formed at the electrodeliquid interface. The esters possessed excellent breakdown strengths suggesting that the processing to optimize their physical properties did not have a negative influence on their electrical breakdown strength. This product may prove useful as an insulation fluid in Electrical Power Transformers. Permanent

“…Epoxy alkyl ester (PKOAE2) was then synthesized by epoxidation of PKOAE1 with an insitu peracetic acid [6]. Branched alkyl esters (PKOAE3 and PKOAE4) were then prepared using an …”

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical breakdown strength characteristics of palm kernel oil ester-based dielectric fluids

2011 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena

2011