Synthesis of 5-dialkylaminomethyl-3′-azido and 3′-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyuridines for evaluation as anti-HIV agents

Motawia, M. S.; Jørgensen, Per T.; Larnkjaer, A.; Pedersen, Erik B.; Nielsen, Claus

doi:10.1007/bf00808509

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Significant antiviral activity was not observed at plasma concentrations that were well tolerated in a controlled recent phase II study (Johnston and Hoth, 1993). The observed side-effects of 1 stimulated the search for closely related nucleoside analogues with increased antiviral activity and decreased cytotoxicity (Balzarini et al, 1988;De Clercq et al, 1989;Van Aerschot et al, 1989;Genu-Dellac et al, 1991;Highcock et al, 1991;Huang et al, 1991;Lee et el., 1991;Bergstrom et al, 1992;Lin et al, 1993;Motawia et al, 1993;Kumar et al, 1994;Schmidt et aI., 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Side-Chain Derivatives of Biologically Active Nucleosides. Part 2: Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of 5′-C-Methyl Derivatives of 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine

Hiebl

Zbiral

Janta-Lipinski

et al. 1996

Antivir Chem Chemother

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1-(3′-Fluoro-2′,3′,6′-trideoxy-β-D-allofuranosyl)thymine [7] and 1-(3′-fluoro-2′,3′,6′-trideoxy-α-L-talofuranosyl) thymine [8] were synthesized starting from the corresponding 2,3′-anhydro nucleoside derivatives. The fluorine was introduced stereoselectively by opening of the anhydro bridge in the presence of HF/AIF3. The 5′-C-methyl derivatives, [7] and [8], of 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). The compounds [7] and [8] had antiviral activity which was three orders of magnitude lower than the reference compound 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine. None of the compounds showed appreciable activity against other RNA or DNA viruses at subtoxic concentrations.

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confidence: 99%

Side-Chain Derivatives of Biologically Active Nucleosides. Part 2: Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of 5′-C-Methyl Derivatives of 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine

Hiebl

Zbiral

Janta-Lipinski

et al. 1996

Antivir Chem Chemother

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Synthesis Of Nucleosides

Vorbrüggen¹,

1999

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This chapter deals with the synthesis of nucleosides (e.g., the formation of N ‐glycosides of sugars such as D ‐ribose or 2‐deoxy‐D‐ribose with heterocyclic nitrogen bases). The methods of nucleoside synthesis have been treated in a number of reviews and monographs. It is now generally accepted that nucleosides were among the first organic compounds formed at the start of evolution in the early history of our planet earth. To support this point, guanine and adenine were heated with D ‐ribose in seawater, which contains the Lewis acid magnesium chloride as catalyst. One thus obtained the nucleosides guanosine and adenosine together with comparable yields of unnatural α‐nucleosides. The latter were gradually photoanomerized to the thermodynamically more stable compounds in overall yields of 5–6%. The furanose form of ribose reacts faster than the pyranose form. Corresponding syntheses of the pyrimidine nucleosides uridine and cytidine from uracil , cytosine and ribose are more problematic and remain an enigma. The recent conversion of glycolaldehyde‐ O ‐phosphate and formaldehyde to ribose‐2,4‐di‐ O ‐phosphate might give new insights into the prebiotic syntheses of uridine and cytidine. The evidence and hypotheses for these prebiotic conversions and the evolution of RNA, as well as the implications of an “RNA World,” have been reviewed. These RNA nucleosides are reduced in vivo as 5′‐ O ‐diphosphates by ribonucleotide reductases to the corresponding 2′‐deoxynucleosides—the building blocks of DNA such as 2′‐deoxyguanosine. The thermodynamically controlled synthesis of these four building blocks of RNA has implications for the design of efficient, high yielding, new methods for the synthesis of the naturally occurring nucleosides, nucleoside antibiotics, and modified nucleosides that may serve as antimetabolites to fight viral and parasitic diseases and cancer. The nucleoside rings in this chapter are depicted arbitrarily in the anti conformation, as occurs predominantly in the crystal and solution (based primarily on NOE‐ 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR measurements) forms of pyrimidine nucleosides. Only a few nucleosides, such as 6‐methyluridine, occur with the heterocyclic ring predominantly in the syn conformation. The synthesis of C ‐nucleosides has been reviewed previously and is not covered in this review.

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ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Dialkylaminomethyl‐3′‐azido and 3′‐Fluoro‐2′,3′‐ dideoxyuridines for Evaluation as Anti‐HIV Agents.

et al. 1993

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Synthesis of 5-dialkylaminomethyl-3′-azido and 3′-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyuridines for evaluation as anti-HIV agents

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Side-Chain Derivatives of Biologically Active Nucleosides. Part 2: Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of 5′-C-Methyl Derivatives of 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine

Side-Chain Derivatives of Biologically Active Nucleosides. Part 2: Synthesis and anti-HIV Activity of 5′-C-Methyl Derivatives of 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine

Synthesis Of Nucleosides

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Dialkylaminomethyl‐3′‐azido and 3′‐Fluoro‐2′,3′‐ dideoxyuridines for Evaluation as Anti‐HIV Agents.

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