Cu
is the cheapest plasmonic metal showing plasmonic resonance
in the visible region, which makes it highly attractive in various
fields (e.g., sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and photocatalysis).
However, its poor chemical stability severely restricts its application.
Herein, we develop a seed-mediated approach to synthesize ultrastable
Cu-based nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with a thin, completely covered
shell. By precisely controlling the reaction conditions, we are able
to achieve uniform plasmonic Cu–Au core–shell NPs with
significantly enhanced chemical stability even in a harsh environment
in the presence of a strong oxidizing acid (HNO3) solution.
In-depth characterizations and analysis allow us to identify the critical
role of the external crystalline Au layer, as compared to the AuCu
alloy layer, in achieving superior stability. Furthermore, a deeper
understanding of the plasmonic spectra was obtained by correlating
the theoretical calculations on NPs of different core–shell
dimensions with experimental results. Transient absorption measurements
reveal that the plasmon dynamics and the heat transfer coefficients
are not affected with the shell formation. As a proof of concept,
these NPs demonstrate high photothermal efficiency and chemical stability
for solar steam generation. This work offers a general strategy for
the synthesis of ultrastable cost-effective, plasmonic Cu-based NPs,
which show great potential in catalysis, electronics, and optics.