Synthesis, growth, and characterization of new stilbazolium derivative single crystal: 2-[2-(2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-ethyl-pyridinium iodide for third-order NLO applications

A New Nonlinear Optical Stilbazolium Family Crystal of (E)-1-Ethyl-2-(4-nitrostyryl) Pyridin-1-ium Iodide: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Its Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties

“…In RSA, the absorption cross section is in the excited state more than in the ground state . The standard formulas are followed to calculate the NLR, NLA, nonlinear susceptibility, and molecular second-order hyperpolarizability of an HMSI crystal according to the literature. ,− …”

“…Some organic compounds that are considered nonlinear, such as D-π-A-type substituted stilbazolium derivatives, are very smart optical candidates for generating THz waves and for electro-optic and photonic applications, as they provide second- and third-order NLO responses. − Nonlinearity occurs due to strong Coulombic interactions, high chromophore density, orientation of long-term stability, and strength of donor and acceptor groups with delocalized π-electrons that can enhance asymmetric polarization. , Stilbazolium cations (chromophores) are a major source for nonlinearity, and the variation of the counterions of these salts proved to be an effective strategy for the development of materials with macroscopic high nonlinearity based on Coulomb interactions. − Using this approach, many stilbazolium derivatives with large optical nonlinearities have been extensively explored by many research teams, such as DAST (4- N , N -dimethylamino-4′- N ′-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate), DSNS (4- N , N -dimethylamino-4′- N ′-methyl-stilbazolium 2-naphthalenesulfonate), and so on. Moreover, in recent times, efficient third-order NLO efficiency of stilbazolium derivatives with increasing significance of ICT between the donor and acceptor has been engineered. − Therefore, new NLO materials are to be sought in the stilbazolium family so that they can be utilized effectively for optical applications.…”

A novel stilbazolium derivative crystals of 4-[2-(4-dimethyl amino-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-methyl-pyridinium+ bromide− (DMSB) single crystal: exploration of the growth, molecular structure, linear optical, and third order nonlinear properties

“…The condition for a surface to be flat is that S ku should be lesser than 3. 32 In this instance, the value of S ku was 2.423, which indicated the flatness of the DMSB crystal. Through the AFM technique, it was concluded that the grown DMSB crystal possesses a flatter surface.…”

“…This implies the trans configuration in the crystal structure. 32 The vibrational peak that emerged at 2932 cm −1 is because of the alkyl C–H stretching in the DMSB material. The peak at 1629 cm −1 represents the vinyl C C stretching of the ethylenic bridge in the DMSB compound.…”

Effect of NaCl on the properties of sulphamic acid single crystals

“…The laser damage threshold of an optical material was an important parameter to measure its applicability [37, 38], the ability of an optical crystal under laser irradiation was measured by laser damage threshold studies. It is considered as an essential factor for laser assisted applications.…”