Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a perovskite-related bismuth phase, (NH4)3Bi2I9

Sun, Shijing; Tominaka, Satoshi; Lee, Jung‐Hoon; Xie, Fajun; Bristowe, Paul D.; Cheetham, Anthony K.

doi:10.1063/1.4943680

Cited by 116 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…a,b) Reproduced with permission. [147,148] The solar cells based on (NH 4 ) 3 Sb 2 I 9 gave a V OC of 1.03 eV and a PCE of 0.51%. c) Schematic showing the influence of A cation size on the structure of A 3 Sb 2 I 9 .…”

Section: D a 3 B(iii) 2 X 9 Layered Perovskites (Layer Phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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serious challenges due to the inclusion of toxic Pb and instability against moisture, heat, and irradiation. In recent years, significant efforts have been paid to develop Pb-free halide perovskite and perovskite derivative absorber materials. However, so far, solar cells based on these materials show significantly inferior performances as compared to their Pb halide perovskite counterparts. Herein, we provide reviews on the fundamental understandings of the photovoltaic properties from Pb halide perovskites to Pb-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives as well as the experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that replacing Pb by nontoxic elements may degrade the superior photovoltaic properties seen in Pb halide perovskites, explaining the fact that all reported solar cells based on Pb-free perovskites or perovskite derivatives show performances significantly lower than Pb halide perovskite solar cells. Overview: Approaches and Consequences of Pb ReplacementWe first provide an overview of the approaches and consequences of Pb replacement reported in the literature, as shown in Figure 1. In general, there are two categories for Pb replacement: using either homovalent elements such as Sn and Ge or heterovalent elements such as Bi and Sb. The heterovalent replacement category can be divided into two subcategories based on the ways to maintain the charge neutrality: ion-splitting and ordered vacancy. The ion-splitting subcategory can be further divided into mixed anion compounds with the formula of AB(Ch,X) 3 , where Ch represents a chalcogen element, and X represents a halogen element, and mixed cation compounds with a formula of A 2 B(I)B(III)X 6 , which are commonly called double perovskites. The ordered vacancy subcategory can also be divided into the B(III) compounds with a formula of A 3 ◻B(III)X 9 and the B(IV) compounds with a formula of A 2 ◻ B(IV)X 6 (the sign of ◻ indicates vacancy). Figure 1 also summarizes the photovoltaic properties and the stabilities of each group of materials, which provides a clear overview of the consequences of Pb replacement. While the homovalent replacement by Sn or Ge leads to instability, the heterovalent Pb replacement leads to degraded electronic properties mainly due to the reduction on electronic dimensionality. As a result, all the reported Pb-free perovskite and perovskite derivative solar Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature....

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Section: D a 3 B(iii) 2 X 9 Layered Perovskites (Layer Phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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“…The CsBi 3 I 10 films as a light absorber in mesostructured solar cells displayed a SPCE of 0.4% whereas Cs 3 Bi 2 I 9 solar cells have displayed a SPCE of 0.02% only in same device architecture . Another 2D layered perovskite is MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 which is prepared from solution and has a bandgap of 2.04 eV which is smaller than that of k 3 Bi 2 I 9 and Rb 3 Bi 2 I 9 (2.1 eV) . Bismuth‐based 3D double perovskite has been proposed with a chemical formula A 2 I B I Bi III X 6 to maintain a charge neutrality of the perovskite material.…”

Section: Lead‐free Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Kour¹,

et al. 2019

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Lead halide perovskites have displayed the highest solar power conversion efficiencies of 23% but the toxicity issues of these materials need to be addressed. Lead‐free perovskites have emerged as viable candidates for potential use as light harvesters to ensure clean and green photovoltaic technology. The substitution of lead by Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu and other potential candidates have reported efficiencies of up to 9%, but there is still a dire need to enhance their efficiencies and stability within the air. A comprehensive review is given on potential substitutes for lead‐free perovskites and their characteristic features like energy bandgaps and optical absorption as well as photovoltaic parameters like open‐circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor, short‐circuit current density (J SC), and the device architecture for their efficient use. Lead‐free perovskites do possess a suitable bandgap but have low efficiency. The use of additives has a significant effect on their efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations like diethylammonium, phenylethyl ammonium, phenylethyl ammonium iodide, etc., or mixed cations at different compositions at the A‐site is reported with engineered bandgaps having significant efficiency and stability. Recent work on the advancement of lead‐free perovskites is also reviewed.

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“…This is a good method to determine the crystal structure of new materials and has been adopted in many recent works on PIMs. 13,20,24,83 There are, however, some pitfalls and challenges in determing crystallographic structure from single-crystal diffraction data. Among many others, the most common difficulties are: 1) crystals are often twinned, leading to the projection of two or more diffraction domains onto one data set.…”

Section: Analysis Of Single Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite-Inspired Photovoltaic Materials: Toward Best Practices in Materials Characterization and Calculations

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT:Recently, there has been an explosive growth in research based on hybrid lead-halide perovskites for photovoltaics owing to rapid improvements in efficiency. The advent of these materials for solar applications has led to widespread interest in understanding the key enabling properties of these materials. This has resulted in renewed interest in related compounds and a search for materials that may replicate the defect-tolerant properties and long lifetimes of the hybrid lead-halide perovskites. Given the rapid pace of development of the field, the rises in efficiencies of these systems have outpaced the more basic understanding of these materials. Measuring or calculating the basic properties, such as crystal/electronic structure and composition, can be challenging because some of these materials have anisotropic structures, and/or are composed of both heavy metal cations and volatile, mobile, light elements. Some consequences are beam damage during characterization, composition change under vacuum, or compound effects, such as the alteration of the electronic structure through the influence of the substrate. These effects make it challenging to understand the basic properties integral to optoelectronic operation. Compounding these difficulties is the rapid pace with which the field progresses. This has created an ongoing need to continually evaluate best practices with respect to characterization and calculations, as well as to identify inconsistencies in reported values to determine if those inconsistencies are rooted in characterization methodology or materials synthesis. This article describes the difficulties in characterizing hybrid lead-halide perovskites and new materials, and how these challenges may be overcome. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 challenges discussed. The focus in this article is on crystallography, composition measurements, photoemission spectroscopy and calculations on perovskites and new, related absorbers. We suggest how some of the important artifacts could be avoided and how the reporting for each technique could be streamlined between groups to ensure reproducibility as the field progresses.

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Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a perovskite-related bismuth phase, (NH4)3Bi2I9

Cited by 116 publications

References 46 publications

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Perovskite-Inspired Photovoltaic Materials: Toward Best Practices in Materials Characterization and Calculations

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