Synthesis, characterization, stability, and thermal properties of graphene oxide based hybrid nanofluids for thermal applications: Experimental approach

Experimental study on the thermal properties of Al 2 O 3 ‐CuO /water hybrid nanofluids: Development of an artificial intelligence model

“…It is observed that the VST of the studied HNF is lower than other reported works. Due to the VST are the function of different parameters, including the type, size, and shape of the particles, 55 base fluid type, pH value of NF, 53 the surfactant used, 56 stability, 28 and density of NPs 34 …”

“…Before adding the NPs to the base liquid quantity of 60 mL, SDBS (surfactant added for the Al 2 O 3 NF and HNF is 0.2 and 0.4 times of NPs weight for each concentration, respectively) was added to a base liquid and agitated to sustain a stable dispersion and to achieve NF stability for long term. 34 Equations ( 1) and (2) estimate the required amount of NPs for each concentration of mono and HNFs. 34 A digital balance (Wenar, PGB-3010) was used to measure the estimated amount of NPs, which was then dispersed in a DW.…”

“…Higher zeta potential values indicate a more vital electrostatic repulsion force within the NPs, preventing agglomeration and producing stable nanosuspension. 34 When these values are about 30 mV, the nanosuspension is relatively stable. 12 The verification of the nanofluid stability was done immediately after the preparation and after 14 days.…”

Thermophysical Properties of Vegetable Oil-Based Hybrid Nanofluids Containing Al2O3-TiO2 Nanoparticles as Insulation Oil for Power Transformers

“…Nanofluid is known as a new generation fluid which is developed by suspension of solid particles typically sized less than 100 nm in any base fluid. This technology has been researched for various cooling applications such as automobile radiators, solar panel cooling, battery cooling in electric vehicles, biomedical technology and coolant in the machining process [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. For the application of oil as transformer insulation, only mono nanofluid has been tested in vegetable oil.…”

Evaluation and optimization of the thermal conductivity enhancement of a water-based GO nanosheets/Au NPs hybrid nanofluid: Box-Behnken design

“…Nanofluids have bridged the engineering and nanotechnology fields over the last decades and have ''morphed into a prominent alternative for heat transfer improvement due to their outstanding thermal transport characteristics.'' Recently, hybrid nanofluids have been investigated as a new type of nanofluids that include base fluids with at least two NP types such as carbon nanotubes, [1][2][3][4] metallic/metal-oxide, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] nanocomposites, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] graphene oxide (GO) [20][21][22][23][24] or ternary composites. 25,26 Besides, studies have been performed for improving thermal conductivity through NP dispersion into base fluids such as ethylene glycol or water.…”