Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviour of superabsorbent polymers from cassava starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide)

Abstract

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared from cassava starch by graft copolymerization of acrylamide on to starch using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as free radical initiator, followed by alkali saponification. The reaction parameters such as concentration of acrylamide, concentration of CAN, temperature, and duration of polymerization reaction were optimized for maximum water absorbency using a 4‐factor 3‐level Box‐Behnken design. The highest values of percentage grafting and absorbency obtained were 174.8% and 425.2 g/g, respectively. The polymers were characterized by determination of grafting efficiency, N‐content, acrylamide content, FTIR analysis, SEM and XRD analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed that the SAP has higher thermal stability. The rate of water absorbency and the swelling behaviour of the SAP under different conditions of pH, and different salts were determined. The de‐swelling pattern of the hydrogels over different time durations was also determined.

Water absorption, retention and the swelling characteristics of cassava starch grafted with polyacrylic acid

“…from wheat, corn or potato (Athawale & Lele, 2000;Athawale & Lele, 2001;Hashem, Afifi, El-Alfy, & Hebeish, 2005;Masuda et al, 1978;Qunyi & Ganwei, 2005;Weaver et al, 1977;Wu, Wei, Lin, & Lin, 2003). The use of cassava starch for this application is relatively novel since only few reports have appeared so far (Lanthong, Nuisin, & Kiatkamjornwong, 2006;Parvathy & Jyothi, 2012;Sangsirimongkolying, Damronglerd, & Kiatkamjornwong, 1999). Also, many papers deal with the indirect synthesis involving the grafting of starch with acrylonitrile or acrylamide followed by a hydrolysis reaction.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and swelling behaviors of acrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose superabsorbent hydrogel by glow‐discharge electrolysis plasma

“…As a result, currently natural polymer‐based superabsorbent hydrogels are gaining significant attention, especially in the fields of tissue engineering , biotechnology , drug delivery systems , catalyst supports , wastewater treatment , agriculture, and horticulture . It is noted that the hydrogels prepared from natural polymers, such as chitosan , starch , and cellulose , have many inherent advantages such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and their natural abundance.…”

Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Films Based on Poly (Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Complexed With Ammonium Nitrate: Studies Based on Morphology, Structural and Electrical Spectroscopy

“…The result also reveals that the complex films tend to be highly amorphous rather than crystalline phase, and, significantly, the presence of NH does not have much influence on the formation of peaks in the complex samples. The coexistence of XRD peaks belongs to these two materials, validating their appearance in solid polymer electrolyte film [35,36].…”