Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface‐Active Properties of Carboxylbetaine and Sulfobetaine Surfactants based on Vegetable Oil

Abstract

A novel series of carboxylbetaine‐type and sulfobetaine‐type zwitterionic surfactants (castor oil amidoethyl betaine, castor oil amidoethyl sulfobetaine [CAAS], cottonseed oil amidoethyl betaine, and cottonseed oil amidoethyl sulfobetaine [COAS]) were synthesized via the reactions of nonedible vegetable oils (castor oil and cottonseed oil) with dimethylaminoethylamine, followed by the reaction with sodium chloroacetate and sodium 2‐hydroxy‐3‐chloropropane sulfonate, respectively. Their chemical structures were confirmed using the electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI‐MS) and infrared (IR) spectra. The surface activities of the prepared compounds were measured by surface tension. It was noticed that the sulfobetaine‐type surfactants in aqueous solution performed slightly better at reducing surface tension than the carboxylbetaine‐type surfactants. Meanwhile, the synthesized surfactants possess a broad range of isoelectric points, superior foam properties, and exhibit some antibacterial activity on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.

Green Synthesis, Surface Activity, Micellar Aggregation, and Foam Properties of Amide Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants

“…This may be because the surfactant solution with a low surface tension forms a thick liquid film, which is conducive to the formation of foam. 44 A comparison of the data in Figure 6 also shows that the time required for compounds b and c to generate 130 mL of foam is shorter than LAS at 35 and 45 °C, which means that compounds b and c are more prone to foam than LAS. From Figure 6 B, we can also safely conclude that the foam stability of the four amide quaternary ammonium surfactants is best at 25 °C.…”

“…From Figure A, we can also see that, with the increase of the carbon chain length, the foam ability of the four surfactants increases and then decreases at the same temperature, which is in contrast to the change trend of their γ CMC . This may be because the surfactant solution with a low surface tension forms a thick liquid film, which is conducive to the formation of foam . A comparison of the data in Figure also shows that the time required for compounds b and c to generate 130 mL of foam is shorter than LAS at 35 and 45 °C, which means that compounds b and c are more prone to foam than LAS.…”

Synthesis and Performance of Two New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions

“…The negative values of Δ G mic and Δ G ads indicate the ability of TTB-AA and HTB-AA molecules to adsorb at the water/air interface and form micelles in a bulk solution spontaneously. Furthermore, the Δ G ads value is slightly higher than Δ G mic indicating that TTB-AA and HTB-AA molecules prefer to adsorb at the interface than to form micelles in bulk solutions …”

“…Furthermore, the ΔG ads value is slightly higher than ΔG mic indicating that TTB-AA and HTB-AA molecules prefer to adsorb at the interface than to form micelles in bulk solutions. 31 The RSN is a practical alternative to assessing the hydrophilic−lipophilic balance (HLB). 32 The RSN value indicates the demulsifier's affinity for a given phase.…”

Influence of Zwitterionic CAPB on Flocculation of the Aqueous Cationic Guar Gum/Glauconite Suspensions at Various pH

“…The bands at 2959, 2925, and 2854 cm −1 can be attributed to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of C−H in the alkyl chain, while the band at 2854 cm −1 and the hump centred at 1436 cm −1 can be attributed to the symmetric stretching and bending modes, respectively, of the same alkyl group as well as to the scissoring of N + −CH 3 moiety [52][53][54][55]. The unresolved peaks around 1640 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibration of the associated C=O groups (amide I band of secondary amides) and COO − groups in the zwitterionic surfactant [56,57]. The spectral data confirm an aggregation of the CGG biopolymer and the CAPB surfactant on the GT surface.…”