Synthesis, Characterization, and Selected Properties of Graphene

Nanofabrication of Graphene Quantum Dots with High Toxicity Against Malaria Mosquitoes, Plasmodium falciparum and MCF-7 Cancer Cells: Impact on Predation of Non-target Tadpoles, Odonate Nymphs and Mosquito Fishes

“…The UV-vis spectrum showed two sharp peaks at 285 and 325 nm by emits bright green fluorescence when irradiated by a UV light, which was assigned to p-p* absorption peak at 285 nm, a new absorption band at 325 nm was similar with the results by Fan et al [61]. The UV spectrum of graphene is also affected on reduction, wherein the intensity of the maximum band decreases progressively, with a new long tail band appeared at higher wavelength [62]. Similarly, the PL spectrum (Fig.…”

Synthesis of graphene

“…Stacking of sheets in graphite is the result of overlap of partially filled p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the sheet (involving van der Waals forces). Exfoliation is the reverse of stacking; owing to the weak bonding and large lattice spacing in the perpendicular direction compared to the small lattice spacing and stronger bonding in the hexagonal lattice plane [58]. Graphene sheets of different thickness can indeed be obtained through mechanical exfoliation or by peeling off layers from graphitic materials such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), single-crystal graphite, or [57] natural graphite [59][60][61][62][63].…”

Advanced Graphene Microelectronic Devices

“…In case of chemical exfoliation, the first step is to increase the interlayer spacing by intercalating Graphene to prepare Graphene intercalated compounds (GICs) which are then exfoliated into Graphene in the second step by heating or sonication [7]. The most promising and inexpensive process for deposition of reasonably high quality Graphene is CVD on transition metal substrate.…”

“…Single layer Graphene and few layer Graphene can be synthesized by several methods and can be broadly classified into exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), arc discharge, and reduction of Graphene oxide [7]. Exfoliation can be divided into two sub-categories: mechanical exfoliation and chemical exfoliation.…”

“…Reduced Graphene oxide (RGO) with properties similar to that of Graphene is prepared through chemical, thermal, or electrochemical reduction pathways [ 7].…”