Synthesis, characterization and properties of phthalonitrile-etherified resole resin

Abstract

A new type of phthalonitrile-etherified resole resin (PNR) was synthesized from resole resin and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the curing temperature of PNR is lower than that of phthalonitrile resin. Excellent thermal stability and bonding properties were obtained after curing at 220°C. TGA showed that in air, the temperature of 5% weight loss (T5%) of the cured PNR was 446°C, approximately 41°C higher than that of resole resin (RS), and the char yield at 800°C increased from 4% for RS to 33% for PNR. The shear strengths of PNR at room temperature and high temperature were increased by 8% and 133%, respectively, over those of RS, and after aging at 350°C for 2 h, these values were increased by 262% and 198%, respectively, over those of RS. Its excellent curing behavior, heat resistance and high bonding strength show that PNR can be used as a high temperature-resistant adhesive.

Controlled curing of resole phenol formaldehyde/unsaturated polyester blends and applying for steel–steel adhesive

“…Also, two endothermic peaks were observed for each sample, the first one at 190–230°C due to the self‐curing process of resole resin, which are broad and high. However, the second one at 300–320°C, which may be due to the condensation of USPE with resole, and these are small and slightly broad according to the amount of its progress 6,32–35 …”

“…For achievement the end‐use desired properties the scientist efforts should orient toward optimizing the curing conditions become very critical during the manufacturing, processing, shaping, and even ultimate properties of phenolic materials 16–25 . For this reason, the curing reactions and kinetic issues bearing on resoles have been attracting a lot of research interest, especially in recent years 4–9 . An understanding of the curing mechanism and thermal stability of resoles provides insight into the overall quality of adhesive products.…”

“…Resole phenol formaldehyde (RPF) resins occupy a significant place among thermosetting resins because of their usefulness in several areas including aerospace, refractories, adhesives, ablatives, coatings, microwave absorber applications, electrical insulators, and so forth. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Phenolic resins are characterized by high thermal resistance, fire proofing, and chemical resistance but suffer from low shelf life before use and self-post-curing after application which changes the material to high cross-linked brittle material and lower aging life and color changing and appearance. [11][12][13][14][15] These disadvantages were preventing that material from being a high-performance material and affecting its durability and outdoor use.…”

Study on vinyl crosslinking and related properties of silicon-containing arylacetylene resin synthesised by zinc powder catalysis

“…1,2 Resin matrix composites are widely used because of their simple forming process, lightweight and excellent thermal stability. 3 Among phenolic resin, benzoxazine, cyanate ester, polyimide and other high temperature resistant resins, 4-8 silicon-containing arylacetylene (PSA) resin stands out due to its better heat resistance and ablative resistance. 9,10…”

“…1,2 Resin matrix composites are widely used because of their simple forming process, lightweight and excellent thermal stability. 3 Among phenolic resin, benzoxazine, cyanate ester, polyimide and other high temperature resistant resins, [4][5][6][7][8] siliconcontaining arylacetylene (PSA) resin stands out due to its better heat resistance and ablative resistance. 9,10 According to the current literatures, the primary synthesis methods of PSA resin comprise the palladiumcatalysed coupling elimination method, 11,12 the coupled dehydrogenation method 13,14 and the Grignard reagent method.…”