Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of iron molybdate (Fe₂(MoO₄)₃) for the degradation of endosulfan pesticide

Abstract

Iron molybdate was prepared via simple solution chemistry method and the photocatalytic degradation of a pesticide (endosulfan) was investigated under visible light irradiation. As-prepared (Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 ) was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectra (EDX), diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Zeta particle sizer techniques. The iron molybdate crystallite size was 36 nm, while grain size was in the range of 160-340 nm. The particles of polymetallic compound were spherical, highly porous and with fluffy texture indicating high surface area. DRS revealed Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 was active under visible region since band gap value calculated was 2.7 eV. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of photocatalytic activity (PCA) of Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 as a function of catalyst dose, H 2 O 2 dose, solution pH and concentration of endosulfan and up to 77% degradation was achieved at optimum conditions, which was monitored by UV/vis spectroscopy. In response to endosulfan degradation, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced up to 76% and 67%, respectively. Results revealed that iron molybdate is highly efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of endosulfan under solar light irradiation and could possibly be used for the treatment of endosulfan containing wastewater.

Green synthesis of silver‐doped metal hexacyanoferrates nanostructures for efficient cleanup of endocrine‐disrupting pesticides

“…Upon going through deeply, it was observed that the technique or nanomaterials used for degradation have many issues, such as utilization of UV‐ light source, the origin of secondary pollutants, and time‐consuming. Parveen et al 67 have reported adsorption of ES on Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 nanoparticles. The mineralization of many pollutants under similar conditions was also reported 68 .…”

Extract of Water Hyacinth used in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organophosphate and Organochlorine Pesticides

“…EDX spectroscopy results in Fig.4 bshow that a peak around 5.5 keV indicates Ag and O are dominant elements in the sample. The strong signal energy peak for Ag atoms around 5.5 keV is typical for absorbing metallic and Ag nanocrystals onto EC[9]. A single solid energy peak indicated the purity of Ag in the sample, whereas other study reports stated the presence of C (2.20 %) and O (22.04 %)[10] with synthesised AgNPs.…”

Prewetting Induced Hydrophilicity to Augment Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocalcite @ Polyester Fabric

“…The presence of POPs in textile effluents leads to a series of negative effects on the ecology [20][21][22]. Insecticides are used in households, agriculture, medical industry, etc., which enter into water sources, causing toxicity in the aquatic and terrestrial organisms, leading to alteration of the ecosystem, in addition to human health [23,24]. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by metal oxides has gained attention among researchers due to its efficacy in attacking contaminants of the environment [20,25,26].…”