Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles formulation

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are being used extensively in manufacturing skin lotions and food products and in various biological and pharmaceutical industries because of their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. In this study, ZnONPs were synthesized by a precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy to investigate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. For in vivo evaluation, 40 healthy albino mice were randomly allocated to four equal groups among which the first one was the control group, while the second, third, and fourth were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl), a blend of CCl and ZnONPs, and ZnONPs alone, respectively, for 21 days. The XRD analysis confirmed hexagonal wurtzite type structures having an average crystallite size of 41.54 nm. The morphology of ZnONPs analyzed through SEM showed uniform distribution of the grains and shape of the synthesized oxide. The energy band gap of the ZnONPs was found to be 3.498 eV. Hepatic and renal damage following CCl administration was apparent after 14 days and was increased at the 21st day, showing nodular fibrotic masses in the liver and bumpy surfaces in the kidney as observed by gross and histological examination. Coadministration of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg b.w. intragastrically 5 days a week) significantly prevented the CCl-dependent increases in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, and urea levels, suggesting a protective potential of ZnONPs.

Formulation and evaluation of injectable dextran sulfate sodium nanoparticles as a potent antibacterial agent

“…A powder sample was placed on metal stubs and coated with gold–palladium to a thickness of 200–300 Å under reduced pressure. The image of DSS nanoparticles was observed at various magnifications 23 .…”

Assessment of the In Vivo Release and Biocompatibility of Novel Vesicles Containing Zinc in Rats

“…Siba et al reported the obtaining of Zn oxide nanoparticles—produced by precipitation and the polyol method—with antioxidant properties and important antibacterial effects against some types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic strains, such as Streptococcus mutans, S. pyogenes , Vibrio cholerae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhi [ 49 ]. In contrast to these observations, Hajinezhad demonstrated that the administration of Zn oxide/chitosan nanovesicles produced pro-oxidant effects and increased liver enzyme activity, but did not influence renal parameters [ 50 ], while other researchers have shown hepatoprotective properties of Zn oxide nanoparticles [ 51 ] or alterations in blood kidney functional markers following their administration [ 52 ].…”

Glycyrrhizin, Curcumin and Cinnamon Prevent From Concanavalin-A and Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Model

“…Histopathological analysis of collected tissue samples was performed in accordance with previously described method [30,31], started from fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, sectioning, mounting and then staining.…”