Synthesis, characterization, and performance of alkyl methacrylates and tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate tetra polymers as pour point depressants for diesel Influence of polymer composition and molecular weight

Pucko, Ivan; Racar, Marko; Faraguna, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124821

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The pour point temperature denotes the precise temperature at which this phenomenon transpires. Based on the application attributes provided in Table 2, it is evident that the synthesized copolymers reduced the size and cohesiveness of the crystal structures of paraffin waxes, suggesting a reduction in pour point and an enhancement of flow at lower temperatures [34] . It is apparent from Figure 7 that using organometallic acids in the copolymerization system can improve the efficiency of these additives as pour point depressants.…”

Section: Determination Of Pour-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of butyl methacrylate/1-hexene copolymers catalyzed by AlCl3 and organometallic acids and their performance assessment in lube oil

Jalilian,

Jozaghkar,

Ziaee

2023

J. Polym. Sci. Eng.

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In the present work, a series of butyl methacrylate/1-hexene copolymers were synthesized, and their efficiency as viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, and shear stabilizers of lube oil was investigated. The effect of 1-hexene molar ratio, type, and concentration of Lewis acids on the incorporation of 1-hexene into the copolymer backbone was investigated. The successful synthesis of the copolymers was confirmed through FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Results obtained from quantitative 1H NMR and GPC revealed that an increase in the molar ratio of 1-hexene to butyl methacrylate, along with concentration of Lewis acids led to an increase in 1-hexene incorporation and a reduction in Mn and Ð. Similar trends were observed when the Lewis acid changed from AlCl3 to organometallic acids. The maximum 1-hexene incorporation (26.4%) was achieved for sample BHY3, with a [1-hexene/BMA] ratio of 4 mol% and a [Yb(OTf)3/BMA] ratio of 2.5 mol%. Evaluation of the synthesized copolymers as lube oil additives demonstrated that the viscosity index was more significantly influenced by samples with higher molecular weight. Sample BHA13 represents maximum VI of 137. The copolymer containing Yb(OTf)3 as a catalyst exhibited superior efficiency as a pour point depressant. Furthermore, sample BHY3 showed the lowest shear stability index (6.4).

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Section: Determination Of Pour-pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of butyl methacrylate/1-hexene copolymers catalyzed by AlCl3 and organometallic acids and their performance assessment in lube oil

Jalilian,

Jozaghkar,

Ziaee

2023

J. Polym. Sci. Eng.

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“…It can be assumed that, depending on the structure of the active substance of the depressant, the first or second mechanism of interaction of the depressant with n-paraffin crystals will prevail. Also, the possibility of a mixed mechanism cannot be ruled out [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Winter and Arctic Diesel Fuels

Bogdanov,

Morozova,

Altynov

et al. 2024

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Diesel fuel is the main fuel for transport and power generation for remote areas, especially the Arctic. For these territories, it is important to produce low-freezing fuel grades. The most effective way to improve the low-temperature properties of diesel fuels (cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plugging point) is the use of depressant additives. Existing research shows that the depressant additives’ effectiveness is influenced by many factors. The most important factors are diesel fuel composition, additive concentration, and the temperature of additive introduction into the fuel (adding temperature). The purpose of this work is to find ways to increase the efficiency of depressant additives for the production of low-freezing diesel fuels by choosing the most effective additive concentration and adding temperature for fuels of various compositions. During the work, low-temperature properties were determined and the effectiveness of three depressant additives was assessed on four samples of diesel fuel at four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 c.u., where c.u. (conditional unit) is the concentration recommended by the manufacturer of the additives). In addition, low-temperature properties for blends of six depressant additives and two samples of diesel fuel at five adding temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 °C) were determined. In this work, in contrast to existing works, it was established for the first time that the composition of the fuel affects not only the depressant additives effectiveness, but also the dependence of the additive effectiveness on the concentration in which it is used. It is shown that the higher the content of paraffins in the composition of the diesel fuel, the less the depressant additive’s effectiveness in relation to cold filter plugging point depends on the concentration and the more the depressant additive’s effectiveness in relation to the power point depends on the concentration. An inverse relationship was revealed for the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel. It was also found for the first time that an increase in the adding temperature of depressant additives up to 35–55 °C enhances the effectiveness of their action in relation to the cold filter plugging point (maximum at 6–7 °C). It is shown that the greater additive effect on the cold filter plugging point of the diesel fuel, the more strongly the depressant effectiveness depends on the adding temperature. The work provides recommendations for obtaining the most low-freezing classes of fuel based on the samples considered. The regularities identified in the work will make it possible, depending on the composition of the fuel, to select the optimal concentration of the additive and the temperature of its adding, which will increase the efficiency of the additives, as well as the volume of low-freezing grades of diesel fuel production.

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“…It was found that the addition of these substances to diesel fuel did not lead to a significant decrease in the CP of the fuel, but the addition of toluene had the best effect. Some researchers synthesize additives themselves and then introduce them into diesel fuel [17][18][19][20]. For example, the authors of [21] synthesized depressant additives based on heterocyclic compounds of acrylic acid, such as benzoxazolone, benzoxazolethione, benzthiazolone, benzthiazolethione.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

Titaeva,

Bogdanov,

Titaev

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The use of depressant additives is the most common method for producing diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties. However, the depressants effectiveness largely depends on the composition of the diesel fuel, in particular on the content of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons, which to the greatest extent determine the low-temperature properties of the fuel. The work revealed the regularities of the n-paraffins addition influence on the depressant additives effectiveness. It was found that the addition of n-paraffins to blends of diesel fuels with depressants in low concentrations (0.05–0.50% wt.) enhances the depressants effectiveness in relation to the cold filter plugging point: maximum at 6–16 °C depending on the diesel fuel sample. It is shown that the effect is observed for DF of various compositions, various depressants, and also n-paraffins of various compositions. It was established that the positive effect of adding n-paraffins increases with the heavier added n-paraffins. Recommendations have been developed for obtaining diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties and enhancing the depressant additives effectiveness: for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F1, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil; for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F2, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A2 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil or a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.05% wt. n-paraffins, separated from highly paraffinic oil fraction. The revealed patterns and the developed recommendations will allow increasing the production of low-freezing DF brands, and also offer a resource-efficient option for using heavy gas oil fractions. The results obtained in the work contribute to expanding the understanding of the mechanism of interaction between diesel fuel hydrocarbons and the active ingredients of depressant additives.

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Synthesis, characterization, and performance of alkyl methacrylates and tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate tetra polymers as pour point depressants for diesel Influence of polymer composition and molecular weight

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Synthesis and characterization of butyl methacrylate/1-hexene copolymers catalyzed by AlCl3 and organometallic acids and their performance assessment in lube oil

Synthesis and characterization of butyl methacrylate/1-hexene copolymers catalyzed by AlCl3 and organometallic acids and their performance assessment in lube oil

Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Winter and Arctic Diesel Fuels

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

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