“…There are a number of reports on blue pigments using Co 2+ ions, such as Co 2 SiO 4 olivine, 6 (Co, Zn) 2 SiO 4 willemite, 7 CoAl 2 O 4 spinel 8 and Co 2 SnO 4 . 9 The colouring performance of these pigments mainly depends on the coordination number around the Co 2+ ion, which is very important for the appearance of the bluish colour. However, the use of a large amount of Co increases the cost of the material, which becomes expensive because of its rarity.…”