Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of New Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites [(NH₃)₂(CH₂)₃]CuCl₄ and [(NH₃)₂(CH₂)₄]CuCl₂Br₂

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHs) are exceptionally promising sector of novel materials for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the OIHs of the formula [(NH3)2(CH2)3]CuCl4 labeled by C3CuCl and [(NH3)2(CH2)4]CuCl2Br2 labeled by C4CuClBr are prepared by slow evaporation method. The synthesis process is achieved by mixing equimolar ethanolic solutions ratios (1:1) of their basic components (organic/inorganic). Characterizations of these materials using microchemical analysis, energy dispersion X‐ray (EDX) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are discussed. The XRD is used to estimate the crystalline size for prepared compounds and found in the range of 38.8 and 48.8 nm for C3CuCl and C4CuClBr, respectively. The vibrational spectra are studied by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and show the major diffraction peaks of compounds and their assignment. UV‐region strong absorption is clarified in the optical properties studied for Cu hybrid, whereas the bandgap energy estimated via Kubelka–Munk equation and found 2.8 and 3.85 eV for C3CuCl and C4CuClBr, respectively.

An approach to the micro-strain distribution inside nanoparticle structure

“…Many articles [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] notice the negative microstrain (slope in Williamson-Hall), which is physically meaningless. The negative micro-strain here can be attributed to the approximations in the Williamson-Hall method, and its plot results in very scattering points, as discussed in [3,17].…”

“…To produce a physical specimen that is broadening-free, all effects, especially instrumental ones, must be removed. It is worthwhile to study the applicability of preset peak-shape functions on the size-strain analysis because of the great interest there is in accurately modelling peak broadening in [12] analysis in terms of physical (size and strain) parameters [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Moreover, the results obtained by the integral-breadth and/or Warren-Averbach analyses were usually not comparable; the first method gives volume-weighted domain sizes and an upper limit on strain; the second gives surfaceweighted domain sizes and a mean-square strain averaged over some distance perpendicular to the diffracting planes.…”

Investigation of the structure, phase transitions, molecular dynamics, and ferroelasticity of organic–inorganic hybrid NH(CH3)3CdCl3crystals

“…Until now, solar cells based on organic-inorganic hybrid materials have been extensively studied. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Typically, CH 3 NH 3 -PbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) materials are attracting attention as photovoltaic materials, [9][10][11][12][13] but these materials are easily degraded in a humid environment and are toxic due to the presence of Pb. Therefore, interest and research on eco-friendly organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite type materials have recently increased.…”

Phase transition, thermal stability, and molecular dynamics of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite [NH3(CH2)6NH3]CuCl4 crystals

“…The organic cation of the hybrid complex is responsible for structural exibility and nonlinear optical properties, whereas the inorganic anion is responsible for thermal and mechanical properties. 15,16 Recently, studies on [NH 3 (CH 2 ) n NH 3 ]BX 2 X 0 2 containing different halogen ions were conducted by Abdel-Aal et al [17][18][19] to improve the optical properties. When n » 4, the structural rearrangement due to conformational changes in the chains of long-chain alkylenediammonium complexes [NH 3 (CH 2 ) n NH 3 ]BX 4 becomes signicant.…”