Synthesis, characterization and investigation of dielectric properties of two-armed graft copolymers prepared with methyl methacrylate and styrene onto PVC using atom transfer radical polymerization

Çoşkun, Mehmet; Seven, Pınar Tatlı

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.12.012

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The residual weight of ≈0.1% gradually decays in the range 780-900 °C and can be attributed to graphene fl akes in the composite. This confi rms the thermal stability of our graphene-SMMA composite to up to ≈380 °C, higher than previous works reporting thermal degradation in N 2 at ≈120 °C for a graphene-PVC composites [ 60 ] and at ≈320 °C for a graphene-PVA composites. [ 53 ] The ratio of graphene mass ( m gr ) in the composite over total graphene-SMMA composite mass ( m gr-SMMA ) m gr / m gr-SMMA , can be approximated to m gr / m SMMA , where m SMMA is the mass of SMMA (given that m gr << m SMMA ).…”

Section: Graphene-smma Compositesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…[ 58 ] PVA is unsuitable for humid environments (due to strong moisture absorption [ 13,38,53 ] ) and strongly absorbs in the 1300-1700 nm wavelength range (due to the presence of O H bonds [ 1,13 ] ). Styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA), a copolymer (i.e., based on monomers consisting of two polymer chains) of styrene (C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2 ) and methyl-methacrylate (CH 2 C(CH 3 )COOCH 3 ) [ 59 ] exhibits broadband optical transparency (from 200 to 3000 nm), high glass transition temperature ( T g ≥ 120 °C, [ 60 ] ) and lower moisture absorption (≤0.1% by weight) with respect to PVA, PVAc, PET, and PCL, [ 61 ] making it ideal for high humidity (up to 100%) and high temperature (up to 105 °C) environments. [ 60,[62][63][64][65] Moreover, the presence of styrene groups provides improved mechanical fl exibility [ 62 ] and thermal stability [ 66,67 ] compared to widely used polymers such as PMMA, epoxy resins, [ 35,[68][69][70][71][72] and fl uorinated polyimides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA), a copolymer (i.e., based on monomers consisting of two polymer chains) of styrene (C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2 ) and methyl-methacrylate (CH 2 C(CH 3 )COOCH 3 ) [ 59 ] exhibits broadband optical transparency (from 200 to 3000 nm), high glass transition temperature ( T g ≥ 120 °C, [ 60 ] ) and lower moisture absorption (≤0.1% by weight) with respect to PVA, PVAc, PET, and PCL, [ 61 ] making it ideal for high humidity (up to 100%) and high temperature (up to 105 °C) environments. [ 60,[62][63][64][65] Moreover, the presence of styrene groups provides improved mechanical fl exibility [ 62 ] and thermal stability [ 66,67 ] compared to widely used polymers such as PMMA, epoxy resins, [ 35,[68][69][70][71][72] and fl uorinated polyimides. [ 35,[69][70][71][72] The operating conditions that a SA based on a graphenepolymer composite can withstand primarily depend on the properties of the host polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stable, Surfactant‐Free Graphene–Styrene Methylmethacrylate Composite for Ultrafast Lasers

Torrisi

Popa

Milana

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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the global range of applications of ultrafast lasers (e.g., manufacturing, biomedical research, telecommunications, spectroscopy, etc.) requires SAs to show thermal and environmental stability (i.e., moisture absorption ≤1% by weight in high, ≥80%, humidity environment and glass transition temperature ≥120 °C, for polymers). [ 11 ] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [ 2,12,13 ] graphene [13][14][15] and recently, other 2D materials such as semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS 2 , [ 16,17 ] WS 2 , [ 18 ] MoSe 2 [ 19 ] ) and black phosphorus [ 20,21 ] have emerged as promising SAs for ultrafast lasers. [ 2,[22][23][24] In CNTs, broadband operation is achieved by using a distribution of tube diameters, [ 2,22 ] while this is an intrinsic property of graphene. [ 25 ] This, along with the ultrafast recovery time, [ 26 ] low saturation fl uence, [ 15,27 ] and ease of fabrication [ 28 ] and integration, [ 29 ] makes graphene an excellent broadband SA. [ 25 ] Consequently, modelocked lasers using graphene SAs (GSAs) have been demonstrated from ≈800 nm [ 30 ] to ≈970 nm, [ 31 ] ≈1 µm, [ 32 ] ≈1.5 µm, [ 27 ] and ≈2 µm [ 33 ] up to ≈2.4 µm. [ 34 ] Polymeric materials are the ideal solution to integrate GSAs into fi ber lasers. [ 1,35 ] They are easily processed by methods such as embossing, stamping, sawing, and wet or dry etching, and generally have a low-cost room-temperature fabrication process. [ 13,36 ] Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite crystals in a surfactant-stabilized aqueous solution [37][38][39] and organic solvents [ 38,40,41 ] can be used to produce graphene. The LPE yield can be defi ned in different ways. [ 29 ] The yield by weight, Y M [%], is defi ned as the ratio between the weight of dispersed graphitic material and that of the starting graphite fl akes. References [ 38,41,42 ] reported surfactant-free dispersions of graphene in organic solvents, e.g., N -methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N -dimethylformamide (DMF), and ortho -dichlorobenzene ( o -DCB). Graphene from LPE is ideal to produce polymer composites as it can be mixed/blended in liquid or dry form with a host polymer matrix. [ 13,38 ] Polymers for composites used in fi ber lasers for ultrashort pulse generation have to be transparent at the device-operation wavelength, be mechanically fl exible, thermally, and chemically stable as well as being resistant to moisture (e.g., hydrophobic) [ 13,35 ] as moisture-induced hygroscopic swelling in polymers can cause internal stress in the polymeric matrix. [ 43 ] Various polymers, such as polyvinylacetate (PVAc), [ 44 ] polyvinylalcohol (PVA), [ 13 ] polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA), [ 45 ] polyaniline (PANi), [ 46 ] polycaprolactone (PCL), [ 47 ] polyurethane (PU), [ 48 ] polystyrene (PS), [ 49 ] polylactide (PLA), [ 50 ] polyethylene Graphene-polymer composites play an increasing role in photonic and optoelectronic applications, from ultrafast pulse generation to solar cells. The fabrication of an optical quality surfactant-free graphene-styrene methyl methacrylate composite, stable to large humidit...

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Section: Graphene-smma Compositesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stable, Surfactant‐Free Graphene–Styrene Methylmethacrylate Composite for Ultrafast Lasers

Torrisi

Popa

Milana

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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show abstract

“…6 , and 682 cm 21 are attributed to CAH stretching vibration, CH 2 deformation, CAH rocking, trans CAH wagging, and CACl stretching, respectively. The peak at 1,731 cm 21 assigned to C@O stretching vibration was observed in plasticized PVC films, which is an important indicator for the presence of ester linkages of the plasticizers in the PVC structure [30,31]. The spectral region of CAH rocking for PVC/ P-MPO-NA, PVC/P-BDO-NA, and PVC/P-DEG-NA occurred at 1,248 cm…”

Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Poly(vinyl chloride) films plasticized with novel poly‐nadic‐anhydride polyester plasticizers

Miao

Zhao

Jiang

2015

Vinyl Additive Technology

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In this work, several novel poly-nadic-anhydride polyester plasticizers were developed to be used in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) film fabrication for the first time. Mechanical properties of the films, the compatibility of plasticizers in PVC resin, as well as testing of migration of the plasticizers, were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of plasticization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the unplasticized and plasticized polymer. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared poly-nadic-anhydride plasticized PVC film significantly improved the plasticization efficiency of PVC film based on the increase in the break in elongation of the films. According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the poly-nadic-anhydride polyester plasticizers presented good compatibility with PVC resin. In volatility and extraction tests, PVC films plasticized with the poly-nadic-anhydrides showed enhanced migration resistance. The plasticizing effects induced by the poly-nadic-anhydride polyester plasticizers were also confirmed by a glass transition temperature shift toward lower temperatures in the plasticized films. J.

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“…It was observed that the dielectric constant of the poly(DEAMSt0.49-co-BMA) ligand increased as the number of -OH and C O groups increased. erefore, the presence of polar groups such as -OH and C O groups showed that was poly(DEAMSt0.49-co-BMA) ligand with a polar structure is one cause for the increase in dielectric constant [38,39]. When these results were compared with the results of the metal complex, the dielectric constant of Ni(II) complex was found to be higher than the dielectric constant of the Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes.…”

Section: Dielectric Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Behaviors of 4-Diethanolaminomethyl Styrene and Benzyl Methacrylate Copolymer and Its Metal Complexes

Açıkses

Öksüz

2019

Journal of Chemistry

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In this paper, the copolymer of 4-diethanolaminomethyl styrene (DEAMSt) with benzyl methacrylate (BMA) was synthesized and characterized using various spectral techniques such as FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, elemental analysis, SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA, and DSC. e copolymer-metal complexes were prepared with Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) metal ions, and poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA) was used as ligand. e copolymer-metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis. FT-IR, SEM, XRD, magnetic measurements, and the thermal behaviors of the copolymer-metal complexes were studied using TGA, DTA, and DSC. e compositions of DEAMSt and BMA in the copolymer by 1 H-NMR spectra were determined as 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. Both poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA) and poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA)-Zn complexes were heated up to various temperatures. As the temperature increased, the intensities of O-H stretching bands at 3125-3429 cm −1 resulting from hydrogen bond decreased and shifted to high frequency. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the average molecular weights and polydispersity index of the poly(DEAMSt0.49-co-BMA) ligand. Both the molecular formula and C, H, and N % were estimated using elemental analysis, and the amounts of metal by mole (%) in the complexes were estimated by SEM-EDX measurements. e XRD patterns of ligand and metal complexes showed that they were of an amorphous nature. e synthesized metal complexes were annealed at 100°C for 1 h in order to obtain crystalline metal complexes. After annealing at 100°C, the metal complexes showed the crystalline structure. e SEM and XRD analysis of the metal complexes confirmed that metal ions contributed to the structure of the ligand. According to the magnetic measurements, it was suggested that geometrical structure for all complexes was tetrahedral geometry and the ratio of ligand to metal was found to be 2 : 1. e dielectric measurements of the ligand and its metal complexes were investigated depend on frequency.of ligands with transition metal ions [8][9][10]. Polymer metal complexes are used in many applications, such as alkali and alkaline earth metal ion separation [11], organic synthesis and nuclear chemistry [12], thermal stability, electrical conductivity, separation, photofunctions, catalytic activity, and biomedicine, gels, and ointments for medical use [13,14]. In addition, polymer-metal complexes are used as models for bioinorganic systems, as well as mechanochemical systems [11,15,16].In the present study, the poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA) was synthesized using free-radical polymerization, and this copolymer system was used as ligand. e copolymer-metal complexes were prepared with Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. e resulting copolymer and its metal complexes

show abstract

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of dielectric properties of two-armed graft copolymers prepared with methyl methacrylate and styrene onto PVC using atom transfer radical polymerization

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Stable, Surfactant‐Free Graphene–Styrene Methylmethacrylate Composite for Ultrafast Lasers

Stable, Surfactant‐Free Graphene–Styrene Methylmethacrylate Composite for Ultrafast Lasers

Poly(vinyl chloride) films plasticized with novel poly‐nadic‐anhydride polyester plasticizers

Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Behaviors of 4-Diethanolaminomethyl Styrene and Benzyl Methacrylate Copolymer and Its Metal Complexes

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