Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Study of Biocompatible Cinnamaldehyde Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles (CPGF Nps) For Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery Applications in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Cinnamaldehyde, the bioactive component of the spice cinnamon, and its derivatives have been shown to possess anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines. However, its hydrophobic nature invites attention for efficient drug delivery systems that would enhance the bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde without affecting its bioactivity. Here, we report the synthesis of stable aqueous suspension of cinnamaldehyde tagged Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with glycine and pluronic polymer (CPGF NPs) for their potential application in drug delivery and hyperthermia in breast cancer. The monodispersed superparamagnetic NPs had an average particulate size of ∼20 nm. TGA data revealed the drug payload of ∼18%. Compared to the free cinnamaldehyde, CPGF NPs reduced the viability of breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDAMB231, at lower doses of cinnamaldehyde suggesting its increased bioavailability and in turn its therapeutic efficacy in the cells. Interestingly, the NPs were non-toxic to the non-cancerous HEK293 and MCF10A cell lines compared to the free cinnamaldehyde. The novelty of CPGF nanoparticulate system was that it could induce cytotoxicity in both ER/PR positive/Her2 negative (MCF7) and ER/PR negative/Her2 negative (MDAMB231) breast cancer cells, the latter being insensitive to most of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The NPs decreased the growth of the breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and altered their migration through reduction in MMP-2 expression. CPGF NPs also decreased the expression of VEGF, an important oncomarker of tumor angiogenesis. They induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-3. Interestingly, upon exposure to the radiofrequency waves, the NPs heated up to 41.6°C within 1 min, suggesting their promise as a magnetic hyperthermia agent. All these findings indicate that CPGF NPs prove to be potential nano-chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer.

Development of gold nanoparticles coated with silica containing the antibiofilm drug cinnamaldehyde and their effects on pathogenic bacteria

“…18,19 Cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), which is present in cinnamon bark, is a major antimicrobial component and has also been found to have diverse biological effects, which include anticancer effects. [20][21][22] Mechanistically, CNMA, decreases metabolic activity, coagulates cytoplasmic materials and limits the replication rate in P. aeruginosa, inhibits swimming motility in E. coli, inhibits quorum sensing, interferes with the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) system, and decreases biofilm formation in S. aureus at subinhibitory concentrations. Therefore, the use of CNMA at low concentrations could exert antibiofilm activity, which could prevent bacteria colonization.…”

Green Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Using Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract

“…Synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs has been carried out because of its unique properties, such as being superparamagnetic [3], biocompatible, biodegradable, and expected to be non-toxic to humans [4–6]. These unique properties allow Fe 3 O 4 -NPs to be widely used in different areas of applications, such as catalysis [7, 8], magnetic storage media [9], biosensors [10], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [11, 12], and targeted drug delivery [13–15]. …”

Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible Fe3O4 nanoparticles at different pH

“…Among the various techniques, well established and the infamous conventional method to fabricate Fe3O4 nanoparticles is by co-precipitation. Simplicity, fast preparation and large yield quantity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles make co-precipitation the preferred method among many research group [5]. Even so, several factors need to be carefully controlled to ensure that the synthesis nanoparticles fall within the target size range.…”