Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing properties of novel homo and hetero dinuclear ball-type phthalocyanines

Abstract

New ball-type homodinuclear Co(ii)-Co(ii) phthalocyanine () and ball-type heterodinuclear Co(ii)-Fe(ii) phthalocyanine () were synthesized from the corresponding [2,10,16,24-tetrakis{4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis(2-cyclohexyphenoxyphthalonitrile)}phthalocyaninatocobalt(ii)] (). The novel compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Gas sensing capability of the spin coated film of and were studied using amperometric technique at various temperatures. For a better understanding of the interaction of and films with organic compounds, two different groups of compounds (aromatics and alcohols) were selected as test analytes. It was observed that the operating temperature had a considerable effect on the gas sensing performance of the sensors investigated. The experimental results show that film offers a promising perspective as a sensing material for the detection of relatively low aromatic vapours even at room temperature. This suggests that aromatics might be distinguished from alcohols. The obtained data were analysed using two different adsorption kinetic models: the pseudo first order equation and Elovich equation to determine the best fit equation for the adsorption of toluene vapor onto and films. The first-order equation was the best of the various kinetic models studied to describe the adsorption kinetic of toluene on Pc films at higher concentrations, as evidenced by the highest correlation coefficients. In addition, it was observed that Elovich equation generates a straight line that best fit to the data of adsorption of lower concentrations of toluene.

Enhanced Cl2 sensitivity of cobalt-phthalocyanine film by utilizing a porous nanostructured surface fabricated on glass

“…19 Kaki et al have synthesized new ball-type homodinuclear and heterodinuclear phthalocyanine and their vapor sensing properties as function of temperature and vapor concentration have been studied. 12 In addition, various kinds of MPcs based hybrid structures such as polypyrrole/ phthalocyanine, TFPMPCs/MWCNT, CoPc functionalized by carbon nanotube etc., have also been employed in gas the sensing applications. [20][21][22][23] In addition, several other materials used for the detection of Cl 2 have been summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Among the organic semiconductors, gas sensing properties of metal-phthalocyanine (MPcs) have been comprehensively studied owing to their high thermal stability (up to 400 C), semiconducting properties, exceptional barrier properties against strong acids and bases, tunability of chemical and physical properties, etc. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] MPcs show many advantages over metal oxides and other inorganic materials such as high sensitivity, fast response, low operating temperature and ability to detect the toxic gas down to ppb level. 11,13,14 In the last few years, many efforts have been devoted to improve the sensitivity as well as low detection limit of the phthalocyanine based gas sensors.…”

Synthesis, characterization and VOCs adsorption kinetics of diethylstilbestrol-substituted metallophthalocyanines

“…Their interesting physical, chemical, biological and spectral properties have received increasing attention for applications of Pcs as chemical sensors, optical discs, laser dyes, electrocatalysis, data storage, printing inks and display devices [1], have received increasing attention due to their interesting physical, chemical, biological and spectral properties [1]. In recent years, applications of their complexes have expanded to nonlinear optics [2,3], liquid crystals [4], gas sensors [5,6], electrochromism [7,8], solar cells [9,10], catalysts [11,12] and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [13,14].…”

“…Pcs as a group of potential gas sensing materials, have become a natural choice for the detection of VOCs because of their open coordination sites for axial ligation, their large spectral shifts upon ligand binding and their intense coloration [19]. Previous investigations on Pc thin films as gas sensing materials have revealed a high sensitivity to the various organic vapors [5,[20][21][22][23][24]. Unlike the ensign properties and the effect of environmental conditions on the sensing performance of Pc-based sensors, adsorption kinetics of organic vapors on novel metallophthalocyanine thin films have not been widely studied.…”

Controllable preparation of copper phthalocyanine single crystal nano column and its chlorine gas sensing properties

“…3,4 Geohegan group has prepared high-quality single-crystalline nanowires with good control over the wire structure and morphology, and exploited organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on individual α-phase nanowires, which exhibits excellent performance. 5 Jie et al developed simultaneous patterned growth and device integration of cross-aligned single-crystalline organic nanowire arrays for optical image sensors.…”