Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of high selectivity mixed molybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

Alasiri, Hassan; Ahmed, Shakeel; Rahman, Faizur; Al-Amer, Adnan M.; Majeed, Uwais B.

doi:10.1002/cjce.23472

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…[56] Above 440 C, a new band near 190 cm −1 that belongs to α −Sb 2 O 4 emerges. [3] At 480 C, some bands near 1060 cm −1 and 620 cm −1 are visible and correspond to V−OC and VO−C vibrations of adsorbed alkoxy species on dispersed V 5+ oxide species (29). [45] Thus, these results indicate that Sb oxide species and dispersed VOx species cooperate under reaction conditions through the VSbO 4 rutile structure.…”

Section: Tp-ramanmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Eng. published 11 articles: six are directly related to catalysis, [27][28][29][30][31] three are in the area of combustion, [32] one combined Raman and EDS to identify a low melting lithium phosphate phase in lithium iron phosphate ingots, [33] and another applied confocal Raman to measure solute concentrations in a hanging droplet (mass transfer). [34] Raman spectrographs now record the whole spectral range (Raman shifts from 100 cm −1 to 4000 cm −1 ) at subsecond resolution and are applied to pulse experiments with isotopes, to measure reaction kinetics and spectroscopic characteristics.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eng . published 11 articles: six are directly related to catalysis, [ 27–31 ] three are in the area of combustion, [ 32 ] one combined Raman and EDS to identify a low melting lithium phosphate phase in lithium iron phosphate ingots, [ 33 ] and another applied confocal Raman to measure solute concentrations in a hanging droplet (mass transfer). [ 34 ]…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Raman spectroscopy

2020

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When photons impinge on a substrate, most scatter with the same frequency (elastic scattering or Rayleigh dispersion) and only 10 −7 scatter with a different energy (inelastic scattering). This inelastic interaction (Raman scattering) exchanges energy in the region of molecular vibrational transitions for crystalline and amorphous materials. Raman bands in a spectra represent vibrational transitions, like infrared, however the selection rules are different. Typically, the vibrations that are intense in Raman are weak in infrared and vice versa. A remarkable feature of the Raman effect is that it is highly sensitive to nanocrystals, even below 4 nm, which are too small to generate XRD patterns. Plasmonic enhancement, like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) boost the Raman signal by 10 4 , providing single-molecule detection capability. Glass, quartz, and sapphire are transparent to Raman effect (depending on the energy of the incident excitation radiation), which makes it ideal to examine materials under reaction conditions (in-situ cells and operando reactors that operate over a broad range of temperature, pressures, and environments). Raman spectroscopy emerged in the 1930s; however, infrared spectrometry displaced it. With the advent of powerful lasers in the 1970s, more researchers began to apply Raman routinely. In 2019, the Web of Science indexed 20 400 articles mentioning Raman against 50 000 articles mentioning infrared. Chemical engineers apply Raman less frequently than in material science, physical chemistry, and applied physics, with 887 articles vs 6250, 3700, and 3510 for the other disciplines. A bibliometric analysis identified four research clusters centred on thin films and optics, graphene and nanocomposites, nanoparticles and SERS, and photocatalyst. K E Y W O R D S operando, Raman, Rayleigh, Stokes bands, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy 1 | INTRODUCTION Raman spectroscopy has become an important and popular analytical tool since it is non-destructive and identifies molecular structure properties and how they change under reactive environments. The technique is based on the Raman effect that C.V. Raman described in 1928 [1] : when electromagnetic radiation (typically monochromatic laser light; near ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared) interacts with a materials molecular vibrations, the incident energy of the photons are scattered with a predominantly lower energy (inelastic scattering). However,

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