Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of Nitro-substituted Fe-phthalocyanines on Zeolite Y

Ordered Mesoporous and Microporous Molecular Sieves Functionalized with Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for Selective Organic Transformations

“…(i) metallophthalocyanines and metalloporphyrins synthesized in the inner pore volume of zeolites (M = Cu, Fe, Co, ...) or mesoporous sieves, − …”

“…This free Fe 3+ catalyzes the Haber-Weiss decomposition of the peroxides (reaction 1), which results in very low yields on peroxide basis. However, when ferrocene is used as an Fe source, almost all Fe 3+ is chelated in the phthalocyanines, and oxygenation yields are much improved …”

“…Consequently, the catalyst lifetime, expressed as total turnover number, is usually much higher for the immobilized than for the dissolved complex. This has been amply demonstrated in the case of zeolite-entrapped phthalocyanine catalysts. − While a homogeneous Fe-phthalocyanine (FePc) in contact with tBuOOH is fully deactivated after 10 turnovers or less, the zeolite-immobilized phthalocyanines easily attain turnover numbers of 200.…”

A critical overview of the catalytic potential of zeolite supported metal complexes

“…It has become clear, among other examples, that phthalocyanines, dispersed over the outer zeolite surface, are highly stabilised (Ref. 67) and are real heterogeneous catalysts. Solvent effects are also important for zeolite occluded metal Schiff base complexes.…”

“…109), but it was shown, at least for tetranitrophthalocyanines, that their insertion in the lattice is doubtful, and they are located mostly on the external surface (Ref. 67). …”