Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic behaviour of nano‐bimetallic nickel oxide on the thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium‐5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate

Abstract

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic behaviour of nano-bimetallic nickel oxide on the thermal decomposition of dihydroxylammonium-5,5 0 -bistetrazole-1,1 0 -diolate)Bimetal combustion catalyst has become an emerging field in recent years, which is still in its infancy. When the combustion catalyst is used in double-base propellants, it can produce effects that conventional catalysts cannot achieve. In this study, nano-bimetallic nickel oxides (nanospheres of NiFe 2 O 4 and the sub-nanometre flower NiCo 2 O 4 ) were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption test (BET). Moreover, its thermal catalytic action on dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) was studied. The thermal analysis of composite TKX-50/NiFe 2 O 4 and TKX-50/NiCo 2 O 4 was carried out by thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show that when the addition amount of NiFe2O4 is 10%, the heating rate is 5.0 K min −1 , the NiFe 2 O 4 has the best catalytic activity for TKX-50 thermal decomposition, and the high thermal decomposition peak temperature (Tpeak1) is decreased by 29 °C. More interestingly, the apparent activation energies of the two composites were calculated by Kissinger, Ozawa, and Starink methods. The advanced thermal analysis kinetics software (AKTS) was used to perform kinetic calculations on the DSC experimental curves of the abovementioned composite energetic materials, and reaction rate curves obtained by the simulation are in good agreement with the experimental curves of the thermal decomposition reaction process, further proving that the accuracy of the experiment is high. Therefore, the addition of NiFe 2 O 4 shows high catalytic efficiency on the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 components, and this would be beneficial to promote the burning rate of propellants containing TKX-50 components.

An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

“…Metal oxides, as the largest branch of metal derivatives, possess attributes such as low dosage and remarkable efficacy, enabling them to achieve catalytic effects beyond the reach of traditional catalysts. − Fe 2 O 3 is commonly used as an energetic material catalyst in metal oxides. Research found that Fe 2 O 3 has an excellent catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition process of TKX-50 .…”

“…(Reprinted with permission from ref , 2019 Nature Publishing Group.) TGA (c) and DSC (d) curves of NiFe 2 O 4 and NiCo 2 O 4 with TKX-50 . (Reprinted with permission from ref , 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)…”

“…TGA (c) and DSC (d) curves of NiFe 2 O 4 and NiCo 2 O 4 with TKX-50 . (Reprinted with permission from ref , 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)…”

“…Based on the research of Zhao et al, Ma et al fabricated nanobimetallic nickel oxide NiFe 2 O 4 nanospheres and subnanometer flower NiCo 2 O 4 by the hydrothermal method to modify traditional nickel bimetallic oxidizing powder. The thermal properties of NiFe 2 O 4 nanospheres and subnanocrystals of NiCo 2 O 4 and TKX-50 were measured by TGA-DSC.…”