Synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity investigation of biomimetic biodegradable PLA scaffold fabricated by fused filament fabrication process

Abstract

Nowadays polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in orthopedics surgeries as implants material due to well mechanical characterization and biomedical properties. But the PLA implants suffer from slow degradation rate when it is used in real-life scenario. In the present research work, the PLA specimens using additive manufacturing technique are fabricated and further assessed for mechanical characterization and its degradation behavior with different parameters. The change in weight of scaffolds was measured using digital weight measure, and pH value was measured using pH meter. Morphology and elemental composition of PLA scaffolds were characterized by SEM and EDS, respectively, while compressive strength is measured by the universal testing machine. Apatite formation and biocompatible nature of fabricated scaffolds were analyzed by in vitro simulated body fluid study. The outcomes of characterization exposed that scaffold with 60% infill percentage had maximum porosity, which is beneficial for the apatite formation and osseointegration. The average change in compressive strength was measured as 49.79 MPa after 14 days and 46.11 MPa after 28 days, whereas the average change in pH value was measured as 5.67 and 5.27 after 14 and 28 days of incubation period, respectively. The degradation rate of specimen 3 was 27.92% less than that of specimen 1, 35.69% less than that of specimen 5, and 87.98% more than that of specimen 9. This study concludes the positive effect of process parameters on degradation rate and biocompatible behavior of PLA implants.

Processing of Polyester-Urethane Filament and Characterization of FFF 3D Printed Elastic Porous Structures with Potential in Cancellous Bone Tissue Engineering

“…However, the process of isolation HAp from the SBF solution involves simultaneous hydrolytic degradation, thus a mass loss of the sample. Therefore, in many cases, a decrease (or no change) in the mechanical properties of polymeric tissue scaffolds is observed as a result of their incubation in SBF solution [ 49 , 50 ]. The mass loss of printed PTS after 28 days of SBD soaking did not exceed 1% ( Figure 10 d), so an intense strengthening effect of the secreted C-HAp was observed.…”

Effect of surface topography on pull-out strength of cortical screw after ultrasonic bone drilling: an in vitro study

“…A preliminary study was made to decide the process parameters. Based on the pilot runs, literature review [19,20,[24][25][26][27][28][29], machine constraints and commercial availability the three factors at their three level were chosen. The selected major process parameters are rotational speed (rpm), feedrate (mm/min) and grit size (μm).…”

“…To replicate human biological conditions, simulated body fluid (SBF) solution is prepared and different reagents were used to prepare the solution [27]. After preparation, bone screw samples were preserved in this solution of 150 ml plastic bottles as shown in Fig.…”

Thermogenesis mitigation using ultrasonic actuation during bone grinding: a hybrid approach using CEM43°C and Arrhenius model

“…The machining conditions opted for the present investigation are tabulated in Table 1. The parameters and their corresponding levels have been selected after consultation with neurosurgeons, machine constraints, and literature studied [11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The neurosurgeons often use high speed (up to 60k) for bone grinding.…”