Synthesis, Characterization and Aqueous Properties of a New Hybrid Fluorocarbon Cationic Surfmer

Abstract

A novel hybrid fluorocarbon cationic surfmer has been synthesized and its aggregation and surface properties have been studied by surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady-state fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Through surface tension, electrical conductivity, steady-state fluorescence and Rayleigh light scattering measurements, the effectiveness of surface tension reduction, the maximum surface excess concentration, the minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule at the air/water interface, the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles were investigated. The results shows that the surfmer has superior surface activity and lower micropolarity than other surfmers. The critical micelle concentration at different temperatures and a series of thermodynamic parameters (DG o mic , DH o mic , and DS o mic , DG o ads , DH A mic , and DC o pmic ) of micellization were evaluated. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the micelle formation was entropy-driven in the temperature range of 15-40°C. The size and morphology of the aggregates were also confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.

Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Rigid Amido Spacer Groups

“…To identify highly efficient surfactant structures, great efforts have been taken in the design and synthesis of gemini surfactants and their properties have been researched [6][7][8][9]. It is well-known that the different spacers [10][11][12], head groups [13,14], and hydrophobic groups can make up of different molecular structures of gemini surfactants.…”

Surface Activity Properties and Aggregation Behaviors of Partially Fluorinated Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution

“…where c 0 is the surface tension of pure water and c cmc is the surface tension of the solution at the CMC. The c cmc value and P cmc value of N-6-Sul is 21.14 and 50.83, respectively, which indicates that N-6-Sul has a stronger ability to decrease the surface tension than conventional surfactants [4]. The smaller CMC value and larger P cmc value for N-6-Sul indicate that partially fluorinated gemini surfactants have superior surface activity compared to traditional surfactants.…”

“…DG o agg /T exhibits a linear dependence on 1/T in the experimental temperature range. The values of DH o agg were accordingly obtained from the slope of the straight line [4]. Obviously the standard enthalpy of aggregate formation is independent of temperature, as the slope of the straight line remains constant.…”

“…These excellent properties are due to the distinctive nature of the fluorocarbon chains which increase the stability and amphiphilic character of the surfactants [3]. Therefore, fluorinated surfactants are used in many different applications, such as in the chemical industry, medical and biological fields [4].…”

Synthesis and Interface Activity of a Series of Dicarboxylic Cationic Surfactants and a Structure–Efficiency Relationship Study

“…To identify highly efficient surfactant structures, great efforts have been made in the past to study different cationic surfactants and their properties. (Che et al, ; Menger and Keiper, ; Menger and Littau, ; Zana, ). In a previous study, researchers have managed to alter the number of carbon atoms to synthesize various cationic surfactants (Yoshimura and Esumi, ); nevertheless, the effect of nonsurface‐active anions on the properties of cationic surfactants has received little attention.…”