Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Core–Shell Co_0.16Fe_2.84O₄@NaYF₄(Yb, Er) and Fe₃O₄@NaYF₄(Yb, Tm) Nanoparticle as Trimodal (MRI, PET/SPECT, and Optical) Imaging Agents

Abstract

Multimodal nanoparticulate materials are described, offering magnetic, radionuclide, and fluorescent imaging capabilities to exploit the complementary advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/single-photon emission commuted tomography (PET/SPECT), and optical imaging. They comprise Fe3O4@NaYF4 core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) with different cation dopants in the shell or core, including Co0.16Fe2.84O4@NaYF4(Yb, Er) and Fe3O4@NaYF4(Yb, Tm). These NPs are stabilized by bisphosphonate polyethylene glycol conjugates (BP-PEG), and then show a high transverse relaxivity (r2) up to 326 mM–1 s–1 at 3T, a high affinity to [18F]-fluoride or radiometal-bisphosphonate conjugates (e.g., 64Cu and 99mTc), and fluorescent emissions from 500 to 800 nm under excitation at 980 nm. The biodistribution of intravenously administered particles determined by PET/MR imaging suggests that negatively charged Co0.16Fe2.84O4@NaYF4(Yb, Er)-BP-PEG (10K) NPs cleared from the blood pool more slowly than positively charged NPs Fe3O4@NaYF4(Yb, Tm)-BP-PEG (2K). Preliminary results in sentinel lymph node imaging in mice indicate the advantages of multimodal imaging.

Bioimaging predictors of rilpivirine biodistribution and antiretroviral activities

“…Indeed, imaging alternatives to MRI could improve visualization of particles at low concentrations [60]. Moreover, no single imaging modality is currently available that offers both highly sensitive detection and excellent spatial resolution [61]. This inspired our use of nuclear medicine imaging modalities (SPECT/CT), which provide the highest degree of sensitivity [61, 62].…”

“…Moreover, no single imaging modality is currently available that offers both highly sensitive detection and excellent spatial resolution [61]. This inspired our use of nuclear medicine imaging modalities (SPECT/CT), which provide the highest degree of sensitivity [61, 62]. Additionally, radioactive imaging provides the ability to accurately quantify the concentration of particles in tissue noninvasively [62].…”

Radiolabeled inorganic nanoparticles for positron emission tomography imaging of cancer: an overview

“…104 In an interesting study, Cui et al reported the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 @NaYF 4 core/shell nanoparticles with different cation dopants in the shell or core, to form Co 0.16 Fe 2.84 O 4 @NaYF 4 (Yb, Er) and Fe 3 O 4 @NaYF 4 (Yb, Tm) nanoparticles. 105 The synthesized nanoparticles were PEGylated and radiolabeled with 18 F/ 64 Cu/ 99m Tc for triple modality (MRI, PET/SPECT and optical) imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in mice. In vivo PET/MR imaging after administration of the radiolabeled nanoparticles in mouse showed that negatively charged Co 0.16 Fe 2.84 O 4 @NaYF 4 (Yb, Er)-PEG nanoparticles cleared from the blood pool more slowly than positively charged nanoparticles Fe 3 O 4 @NaYF 4 (Yb, Tm)-PEG.…”

Radio-nanomaterials for biomedical applications: state of the art

“…A MRI/PET/fluorescence probe based the integration of IONP and UCNP was developed recently (95). The nanoparticles are composed of a core/shell Fe 3 O 4 @NaYF 4 nanoparticles with different metal ions doped (Yb, Er, Tm, etc.).…”