Synthesis, characterization and application of nanocrystalline cellulose: A review

Abstract

This review article summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). NCC is a nanoscale material that can be extracted from renewable sources such as plants, and has attracted significant attention due to its unique properties, including high surface area, mechanical strength, and biodegradability. The review covers various methods for the synthesis of NCC, including acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and mechanical methods. The characterization techniques for NCC, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, are also discussed. Furthermore, the review provides an overview of the applications of NCC, including reinforcement in composites, paper and packaging, biomedical applications, and energy storage. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of NCC, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and versatile nanomaterial for various fields.