Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Organoclay for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Isothermal, kinetic and Thermodynamics Studies

Abstract

The present study encompasses the application of cost effective, organo-modified bentonite material for efficient desulfurization of model oil and real fuel. For the adsorptive desulfurization of oil, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as model compound. Various experimental parameters (time, temperature, adsorbent-amount and DBT concentration) were thoroughly investigated. The synthesized material was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The modification exhibits the increase in interlayer spacing of clay as confirmed from XRD and modified material shows interesting morphology as compared to unmodified bentonite. The results showed that >90% of DBT removal was achieved under optimized conditions for B-BTC, B-BTB and B-DSS and >80% for B-BEHA, for model fuel oil. Additionally, the findings from desulfurization of real fuel oil declare that 96.76% and 95.83% removal efficiency was achieved for kerosene and diesel oil respectively, at optimized conditions and fuel properties follow ASTM specifications. The obtained findings well fitted with thermodynamic, isothermal (Langmuir) with adsorption capacity (70.8 (B-BTC), 66 (B-BTB), 61.2 (B-DSS) and 55.2 (B-BEHA) in mg/g) and pseudo-second-order kinetics. In thermodynamic studies, negative sign (\(\varDelta G^\circ )\) specifies the spontaneity whereas, \(\left(\varDelta H^\circ \right)\) endothermic and positive sign \((\varDelta S^\circ )\) show randomness after DBT adsorption.

Facile Synthesis of a Novel Ni-WO3@g-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of Both Model and Real Fuel

“…Globally, researchers are focusing on the production of green fuels because of the environmental protection and increasing strict legislations regarding the limit of sulfur in hydrocarbons not to be more than 10 mg/L. − The major challenge is the removal of sulfur compounds such as thiophenes (Th), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and their derivatives due to stringent regulations in oil refineries. As we all know, the traditional desulfurization technology (hydrodesulfurization (HDS)) requires hydrogen under severe operating conditions (high temperatures and pressures) as well as it is unable to remove aromatic sulfur compounds such as DBT. , Considering the above-mentioned reasons, alternative technologies are under development, and they are adsorption, , bio-desulfurization (BD), extractive desulfurization (ExD), and oxidative desulfurization (ODS) .…”

Development of graphitic carbon nitride supported novel nanocomposites for green and efficient oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil

“…So, the removal of thiophene derivative molecules is considered to be the key goal in desulfurization. 5 Recently, several methods for eradicating sulfur from fossil fuels have been investigated which include oxidative desulfurization (ODS), 6 adsorptive desulfurization, 7 extractive desulfurization 8 and hydrodesulfurization techniques. 9 Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) in combination with carbon rejection technologies, such as coking and fluid catalytic cracking, are the main technologies industrially employed for the desulfurization of heavy oil.…”