Synthesis, characterization and application of poly[(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] as controlled‐release polymeric system for 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic chloride using an ultrafiltration technique

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polymers supporting chemicals used in agriculture have recently been developed to overcome the serious environmental problems of conventional agrochemicals. The success of these formulations is based on a suitable choice of polymer support. Degradable polymeric hydrogels are of particular interest. The gradual release of the bioactive agent can be achieved by hydrolytic or enzymatic cleavage of the linking bond. RESULTS: In this context, poly[(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-co-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] [poly(NVP-co-HEMA)] has been used as a bioactive carrier reagent. Herein, we report a controlled-release system with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using an ultrafiltration system. Hydrolysis was studied by testing the release at various pH values. A high release with poly(NVP-co-HEMA)-2,4-D was observed at pH = 7 and 10 after two days (Z = 2). The release percentage of copolymer-herbicide increased at pH = 10. It showed release values between 79.0 and 94.5%. Poly(NVP-co-HEMA)-herbicide can release a bioactive compound in aqueous solution at pH = 3, 7 and 10. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of homogeneous hydrolysis, it is argued that the herbicide release rate depends on the pH of the reaction environment. This functional polymer could be employed as a biodegradable material for applications in agrichemical release.

Determination of block size in poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐polystyrene block copolymers by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…An alternative approach to the direct copolymer MS analysis is to perform a specific cleavage of each co‐oligomers to produce two homo‐oligomers consisting of each constituting blocks, which could further be analyzed using established MALDI methods. Specific scission between constitutive blocks in a copolymer has already been reported to study the behavior of biodegradable polymers,45–47 to evaluate the ability of releasing enclosed drugs from copolymer structure48, 49 or in nanostructuration of materials 50, 51. Cleavage of copolymers has also been implemented for analytical purposes.…”

Amphoteric superabsorbent polymer based on waste collagen as loading media and safer release systems for herbicide 2, 4‐D

“…Moreover, it is noticeable that natural polymers are gaining more considerable acceptance as CRFs of pesticides over synthetic polymers owing to its eco‐friendly nature, cost‐effectiveness, easy availability, and biodegradability . Natural polymers are bioactive compounds which are bound to a natural polymeric backbone via covalent bonds . Zhao et al .…”

“…have proved the cross‐linked micelles based on carboxymethyl chitosan could be used as a sustained release carrier for the delivery of diuron, and the release rate was as high as 96.8% over 8 h at pH 7.0 buffer. Guadalupe del C Pizarro et al reported a functional polymer could be employed as a biodegradable material for applications in 2, 4‐D release and the release values fluctuated from 79.0 to 94.5% at various pH values. Natural macromolecules are of great significance in preparation and application of CRFs.…”

Novel hydrogels based on itaconic acid and citraconic acid: Synthesis, metal ion binding, and swelling behavior

“…Hydrogels have received increasing attention in the last decade because of their significance and applications in areas such as drug delivery, immobilization of enzymes, solute separations, baby diapers, soil for horticulture and agriculture, adsorbent pads, etc 1–14. Other applications include the recovery of precious metals and metal preconcentration for environmental analysis 15.…”