EWLY synthesized bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione derivatives ....... were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. These compounds were prepared from reactions of cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione with stabilized phosphorus ylides, (2oxovinylidene)triphenylphosphorane, tris(dialkylamino)phosphines, as well as with Lawesson's and Japanese reagents and their structures were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic and elemental analyses.