Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells

Abstract

Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were confirmed and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. A human leukemia cell line (MOLT-4) was used to assess the efficacy and selectivity of nanocomposites. Based on a cytotoxicity study, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites had inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 13.68, 8.9, and 7.14 µg/mL against human T lymphoblast cells after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. Compared with untreated MOLT-4 cells, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-treated cells significantly increased (p < 0.05) caspase-3, -8, and -9 and decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes GR, SOD, and GSH. Furthermore, MDA for lipid peroxidase and ROS levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the treated cells than in the untreated cells. Remarkably, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-mediated control of cell cycles were mainly achieved through the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9.

Synergistic effects of CuO/TiO2‐chitosan‐farnesol nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities on melanoma cells SK‐MEL‐3

“…After incubating overnight, the cells were treated with farnesol bimetallic nanocomposites (12.5 and 15 µg) for 24 h. After treatment, SK-MEL-3 cells were incubated with 1 µM of AO/ EtBr stain (1:1 ratio) at 37°C for 15 min. Finally, the stained SK-MEL-3 cells were visualized using a fluorescence microscope [26].…”

Synthesis and characterization of 4‐nitro benzaldehyde with ZnO‐based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

“…Then 20 μL of MTT reagent (0.5 mg/mL) was mixed in the wells at 37°C for 4 h. The formed formazon depositions were dissolved using Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and then absorbance was measured at 570 nm. The viability was determined as a proportion of the total viable cells [37].…”

Biopolymer Chitosan Surface Engineering with Magnesium Oxide-Pluronic-F127-Escin Nanoparticles on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line and Microbial Strains

“…It exhibits a range of pharmacological effects, including venotonic, antisecretory, anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects, which are most commonly observed in seed cotyledons, although small amounts are also found in the leaves, bark, and pericarp of immature fruit [ 15 ]. In addition, Escin has been incorporated into the synthesis of several nanoparticles, including ZnO, CuO, and Au NPs [ 16 , 17 ]. However, it has not yet been used for MgO NP biosynthesis.…”