Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Thiochromanone Derivatives Containing Indole Skeleton

Abstract

Invasive fungal disease constitutes a growing health problem and development of novel antifungal drugs with high potency and selectivity against new fungal molecular targets are urgently needed. In order to develop potent antifungal agents, a novel series of 6-alkyl-indolo[3,2-c]-2H-thiochroman derivatives were synthesized. Microdilution broth method was used to investigate antifungal activity of these compounds. Most of them showed good antifungal activity in vitro. Compound 4o showed the best antifungal activity, which (inhibition of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans) can be achieved at the concentration of 4 µg/mL. Compounds 4b (inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans), 4j (inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans), 4d (inhibition of Candida albicans) and 4h (inhibition of Candida albicans) also showed the best antifungal activity at the concentrations of 4 µg/mL. The molecular interactions between 4o and the N-myristoyltransferase of Candida albicans (PDB ID: 1IYL) were finally investigated through molecular docking. The results indicated that these thiochromanone derivatives containing indole skeleton could serve as promising leads for further optimization as novel antifungal agents.

Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin—Indole Hybrids

“…The battle to find new antibacterial agents against drug-resistant bacteria is endless. Indole is a multifunctional active skeleton widely used in the field of drug research, which can bind to many kinds of receptors and enzymes and exhibit various biological activities, such as anticancer [12,13], anticonvulsant [14,15], antifungal [16,17], antitubercular [18,19], and antibacterial activities [20][21][22]. Currently, hybrids containing indole were reported frequently for their antimicrobial activity against a train of clinical pathogenic strains including drug-resistant strains, which demonstrated the potential of indole as a useful moiety for developing new antibacterial agents [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Synthesis of Novel Indole Schiff Base Compounds and Their Antifungal Activities

“…Indole is an important nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Indole and indole derivatives have a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antifungal [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], antibacterial [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], antimycobacterial [ 30 ], antitubercular [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], antioxidant [ 34 ], antimalarial [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], antiviral [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], anti-leishmanial [ 42 , 43 ], anti-inflammatory [ 44 ], and anti-tumor [ 45 , 46 , 47 ] activities. The design and synthesis of new indole derivatives with excellent biological activity is one of the emerging fields in pharmaceutical chemistry.…”

Synthesis of Novel Indole Schiff Base Compounds and Their Antifungal Activities

“…Indole is an important nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Indole and indole derivatives have a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antifungal [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], antibacterial [27][28][29], antimycobacterial [30], antitubercular [31][32][33], antioxidant [34], antimalarial [35][36][37], antiviral [38][39][40][41], anti-leishmanial [42][43], anti-inflammatory [44], anti-tumor [45][46][47], activities. The design and synthesis of new indole derivatives with excellent biological activity have been one of the emerging fields in pharmaceutical chemistry.…”