“…The factors determining the structural changes upon passing from 2 to 10 and 11 are less obvious. 1,1',2,2',4,4'-hexa(tert-butyl)nickelocene is unknown and the cocondensation of nickel atoms with 1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadiene gives the h 3 -cyclopentenyl nickel complex 21 [54] so it is possible that the 18ve structure observed in 11 [13] may reflect steric issues. [55] However, the hindrance in complex 10 [12] is rotationally quite nicely equilibrated and in this case the multiple tBu substitution alone seems unlikely to impose a ring-slipped 18ve configuration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Chemical stability; reaction with trimethylphosphine: Given the existence of products 10-12, [7,12,13] and the stronger calculated binding of sp 2 phosphorus than carbon to the metal centre in some phosphametallocenes, [40,41] it seems likely that the energy barrier for ring slippage reactions of the phospholyl ligands at nickel may be relatively small. Furthermore, the spatial accessibility of the lone pairs in unhindered phosphanickelocenes and phosphanickelocenium salts will probably drive the ring-slip process.…”
Section: Density Functional Calculationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 13] One of these was fluxional, [13] but neither showed paramagnetism. A related nickel h 3 -triphosphacyclopentenyl complex was also prepared.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These confirm a broadly cylindrical electron density distribution about the centroid-Ni-centroid axis which is in sharp contrast with more localised bonding schemes found for the slipped di-and triphospholyl ligands in the 18ve nickel-containing complexes 10 [22] and 11. [13] The major differences between the phosphaferrocene 17 and the phosphanickelocene 2 are found in the metal-ring distances. These are all longer in 2 but show a distinct trend, moving from MÀC b (7.3 % longer in the Ni case) to MÀC a (6.1 %) and MÀP (4.2 %) with values to the Cp* also being between 7.0 to 5.7 % longer in 2.…”
The reaction of the bulky phospholide salt Li(2,5-tBu2PC4H2) x 2THF (1; THF = tetrahydrofuran) with [NiCp*(acac)] (HCp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene, Hacac = acetylacetone) gives the green air-sensitive phosphanickelocene [NiCp*(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)] (2) in yields of about 85%. An X-ray structural determination of 2 shows long Ni-ring bonds and "delocalised" ring P-C and C-C bonds characteristic of a classical 20-valence-electron (ve) nickelocene. The electronic structure of 2 has been clarified through a combined Amsterdam density functional (ADF) and photoelectron spectroscopic study, which indicates that the higher lying semi-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) (-5.82 eV) has a' symmetry and that the phosphorus "lone pair" is energetically low-lying (-8.15 eV). Oxidation of phosphanickelocene 2 by AgBF4 occurs quantitatively to give the corresponding air-sensitive orange phosphanickelocenium salt [NiCp*(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)][BF4] (3). This complex has also been characterised by an X-ray crystallographic study, which reveals long Ni-C(alpha) and short C(alpha)-C(beta) bonds in the phospholyl ligand indicative of a SOMO having a'' symmetry. PMe3 reacts with 2 at room temperature to provoke a ring-slip reaction that gives the 18ve complex [NiCp*eta1-(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)(PMe3)] (4), but shows no reaction with the phosphanickelocenium salt 3 under the same conditions.
“…The factors determining the structural changes upon passing from 2 to 10 and 11 are less obvious. 1,1',2,2',4,4'-hexa(tert-butyl)nickelocene is unknown and the cocondensation of nickel atoms with 1,2,4-tri(tert-butyl)cyclopentadiene gives the h 3 -cyclopentenyl nickel complex 21 [54] so it is possible that the 18ve structure observed in 11 [13] may reflect steric issues. [55] However, the hindrance in complex 10 [12] is rotationally quite nicely equilibrated and in this case the multiple tBu substitution alone seems unlikely to impose a ring-slipped 18ve configuration.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Chemical stability; reaction with trimethylphosphine: Given the existence of products 10-12, [7,12,13] and the stronger calculated binding of sp 2 phosphorus than carbon to the metal centre in some phosphametallocenes, [40,41] it seems likely that the energy barrier for ring slippage reactions of the phospholyl ligands at nickel may be relatively small. Furthermore, the spatial accessibility of the lone pairs in unhindered phosphanickelocenes and phosphanickelocenium salts will probably drive the ring-slip process.…”
Section: Density Functional Calculationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 13] One of these was fluxional, [13] but neither showed paramagnetism. A related nickel h 3 -triphosphacyclopentenyl complex was also prepared.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These confirm a broadly cylindrical electron density distribution about the centroid-Ni-centroid axis which is in sharp contrast with more localised bonding schemes found for the slipped di-and triphospholyl ligands in the 18ve nickel-containing complexes 10 [22] and 11. [13] The major differences between the phosphaferrocene 17 and the phosphanickelocene 2 are found in the metal-ring distances. These are all longer in 2 but show a distinct trend, moving from MÀC b (7.3 % longer in the Ni case) to MÀC a (6.1 %) and MÀP (4.2 %) with values to the Cp* also being between 7.0 to 5.7 % longer in 2.…”
The reaction of the bulky phospholide salt Li(2,5-tBu2PC4H2) x 2THF (1; THF = tetrahydrofuran) with [NiCp*(acac)] (HCp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene, Hacac = acetylacetone) gives the green air-sensitive phosphanickelocene [NiCp*(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)] (2) in yields of about 85%. An X-ray structural determination of 2 shows long Ni-ring bonds and "delocalised" ring P-C and C-C bonds characteristic of a classical 20-valence-electron (ve) nickelocene. The electronic structure of 2 has been clarified through a combined Amsterdam density functional (ADF) and photoelectron spectroscopic study, which indicates that the higher lying semi-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) (-5.82 eV) has a' symmetry and that the phosphorus "lone pair" is energetically low-lying (-8.15 eV). Oxidation of phosphanickelocene 2 by AgBF4 occurs quantitatively to give the corresponding air-sensitive orange phosphanickelocenium salt [NiCp*(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)][BF4] (3). This complex has also been characterised by an X-ray crystallographic study, which reveals long Ni-C(alpha) and short C(alpha)-C(beta) bonds in the phospholyl ligand indicative of a SOMO having a'' symmetry. PMe3 reacts with 2 at room temperature to provoke a ring-slip reaction that gives the 18ve complex [NiCp*eta1-(2,5-tBu2PC4H2)(PMe3)] (4), but shows no reaction with the phosphanickelocenium salt 3 under the same conditions.
“…Sc [3], Ti [4,5], V [6], Cr [17], Mn [18], Fe [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], Co [19], Ni [21][22][23][24][25], Ru [13][14][15][16], and Rh [16,20]) and main group elements (e.g. Ga [26], In [27][28][29], Tl [26], Sr [30], and Pb [31]).…”
The f‐block chemistry of phospholyl and arsolyl ligands, heavier p‐block analogues of substituted cyclopentadienyls (CpR, C5R5) where one or more CR groups are replaced by P or As atoms, is less developed than for lighter isoelectronic C5R5 rings. Heterocyclopentadienyl complexes can exhibit properties that complement and contrast with CpR chemistry. Given that there has been renewed interest in phospholyl and arsolyl f‐block chemistry in the last two decades, coinciding with a renaissance in f‐block solution chemistry, a review of this field is timely. Here, the syntheses of all structurally characterised examples of lanthanide and actinide phospholyl and arsolyl complexes to date are covered, including benzannulated derivatives, and together with group 3 complexes for completeness. The physicochemical properties of these complexes are reviewed, with the intention of motivating further research in this field.
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