Synthesis, Bioactivity and Mechanical Stability of Mg/Ca Silicate Biocomposites Developed for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Bioceramics used in hard tissue engineering applications should primarily meet the criteria of mechanical strength and apatite mineralisation of natural bone. In such a scenario, designing of bioceramic composites is inevitable as calcium silicates possess good apatite deposition ability and magnesium silicates show excellent mechanical stability. The present study investigates the influence of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions of the bioceramics on bioactivity and mechanical strength. Binary silicates such as wollastonite (CaSiO3), enstatite (MgSiO3) and forsterite (Mg2SiO4) were prepared by sol‐gel combustion technique. Functional group identification and phase formation of the silicate materials were analysed by FT‐IR and X‐ray diffraction studies respectively. Furthermore, apatite mineralisation ability and mechanical strength of wollastonite were evaluated. Influence of wollastonite on the bioactivity of both enstatite and forsterite was also investigated. The obtained results conferred that the wollastonite possesses good apatite formation ability, moderate resorbability and low mechanical strength. The composites of wollastonite show improvement in the enstatite with respect to bioactivity and in forsterite with respect to superior mechanical properties.

Conversion of Biowaste into Larnite by Sol‐Gel Combustion Route for Biomedical Applications

“…The observed peaks for carbonate group might be due to the breakdown of carbon dioxide in silicate ceramics which causes the asymmetrical stretching vibrations. The vibrational bands obtained for single phasic larnite were in accordance with the previous reports [11,15,20,21,31] …”

“…Silicate ceramics builds curiosity as a biomaterial for prosthetic application owing to its ability to induce biomineralization in physiological medium and possess mechanical strength equivalent to bone [9] . Calcium silicates are preferred as a bone graft material due to its good bioactivity and stimulates cell proliferation as well as promotes good osteogenic differentiation when compared to magnesium silicates [10,11] . Among various calcium silicate bioceramics wollastonite has an enormous literature [12–14] and was found to possess bioactive nature higher than the synthetic HAp with better cell response and bactericidal activity [11,15] .…”

“…[9] Calcium silicates are preferred as a bone graft material due to its good bioactivity and stimulates cell proliferation as well as promotes good osteogenic differentiation when compared to magnesium silicates. [10,11] Among various calcium silicate bioceramics wollastonite has an enormous literature [12][13][14] and was found to possess bioactive nature higher than the synthetic HAp with better cell response and bactericidal activity. [11,15] Chemical composition, grain size and purity decide the final applications of the material.…”

Antibacterial wollastonite supported excellent proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells

“…2. An earlier study reported the steps involved during the phase evolution of wollastonite [22]. A similar mechanism of wollastonite phase formation was observed in the present work.…”

“…The sol-gel combustion method was adopted to synthesise wollastonite as described previously using Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O (98%, SDFCL) and TEOS (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) [22]. Citric acid (99.5%, SDFCL) was used as a fuel and nitrate ions from the metal nitrate performed as an oxidiser.…”