Synthesis, bioactivities and cytogenotoxicity of animal fur-mediated silver nanoparticles

Abstract

Animal waste materials are rarely used in the synthesis of nanoparticles compared to microorganisms and plant materials. The use of animal fur (goat) in synthesis could assist in turning waste to wealth. Thus, potentials of animal fur in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AF-AgNPs), its biological activities and safety through cytogenotoxicity were investigated. Animal fur (1 g) was hydrolyzed with 100 ml of 0.1 M NaOH at 90 °C for 1 h, cooled and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min. The extract (1 ml) was added to 1 mM AgNO3 (40 ml) to reduce Ag+ to its nanoparticles. The AF-AgNPs was characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Larvicidal, antioxidant, anticoagulant and thrombolytic potentials of AF-AgNPs were studied. Onion bulbs (20) were exposed to 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 μg/ml of AF-AgNPs solution for its cytogenotoxicity study with AgNO3 solution and distilled water as controls. Microscopic (24, 48 and 72 h) assessment of the onion cells and macroscopic (72 h) evaluation of the roots were also studied. The AF-AgNPs solution was brownish with surface plasmon resonance at 419 nm. Evaluation of FTIR spectra showed that protein molecules were used as capping and stabilization agents. The AF-AgNPs had size range of 11.67-31.47 nm, caused 60-100% mortality of exposed Anopheles mosquito larvae in 12 h, and scavenged DPPH (40-59%) and hydrogen peroxide (75-94%). The nanoparticles also exhibited anticoagulant and thrombolytic potentials on human blood with 25% lysis compared to 13% observed for only extract. Various chromosomal aberrations and growth inhibition were induced by AF-AgNPs especially at 72 h of 100 μg/ml. Extract from animal fur was explored in biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles and found to have high potentials as antioxidant, anticoagulant, thrombolytic agents. Inhibition of cell growth observed especially at highest concentration can be explored in anticancer drugs though with caution due to AF-AgNPs potential to induce chromosomal aberrations.

Argovit™ silver nanoparticles reduce contamination levels and improve morphological growth in the in vitro culture of Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied.

“…Different AgNPs formulations are available in the market differing in shape, size distribution, the content of metallic silver, synthesis procedure, surface functionalization, and coating agent of the nanoparticles [16][17][18]. All these features help nanoparticles to reach and interact with a wide range of biological targets, playing a significant role in the cytotoxic effects exerted [18][19][20][21].…”

Fungus-mediated green synthesis of nano-silver using Aspergillus sydowii and its antifungal/antiproliferative activities

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop an environment friendly method to synthesize AgNPs using gentle techniques and nontoxic chemicals during the synthesis process 12,13 . Recently, application of biomaterials for AgNPs synthesis have attracted the attention of investigators, the biomaterials include plant, fungi, bacteria and algae, metabolites of arthropods, enzymes animal and agricultural wastes materials et al [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] .Fungi can produce large amount of metabolites compared to other microorganisms, making it more suitable for nanoparticles production 24,25 . Many articles have reported that fungi have the ability to synthesize nanoparticles 26,27 .…”

Development of a new biomimetic method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on fungal metabolites: optimization and antibacterial activity

“…7 These have been used to improve various approaches by mimicking the nucleation abilities found in redox biomolecules from living organisms for nanoparticle synthesis. 8 However, not only have microorganisms and plants and their metabolites or associated enzymes been used for the synthesis of AgNPs, but also insect and animal derivatives, such as honey 9 and fur, 10 which are considered reliable candidates because of their intrinsic properties such as the presence of enzymes and polyphenols. [11][12][13] Fungi can produce oxide-reductive extracellular metabolites that play a key role in the biosynthesis of AgNPs, 14 such as laccase and xylene, 15 although the use of fungal cell cultures has some drawbacks, mainly related to the large amounts of enzymes or metabolites in adequate concentrations for the synthesis process.…”